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Advanced Materials
Advanced materials are used in aircraft design to: -Reduce weight -Improve strength -Design morphing wings -Create self-healing structures
modifies its shape in response to temperature changes. Veritex is a dynamic composite that utilizes Veriflex resin as its matrix. When heated, Veritex is pliable and maintains shape as it cools, regaining structural stiffness. Once reheated it returns to its original shape and can be remolded without degrading. Future polymers may respond to light, electric fields and magnetic fields.
Composites
Composites are a combination of two or
more organic or inorganic components one of which serves as a matrix holding the materials together and then other of which serves as reinforcement in the form of fibers Composites are lightweight and strong but they are complex to manufacture, expensive and hard to inspect for flaws
Thermoplastics
Thermoplastics are a new type of
materials that is replacing thermosets such as epoxy, bismaleimide, or polyimide, as the matrix for composites Thermoplastics are easier to produce and are much more durable and tougher than thermosets
Biocomposites
Biocomposites combine plant fibers with resins to create
natural based composite materials. High tensile plant fibers including, kenaf, industrial hemp, and flax, can be combined with traditional resins to create an alternative to traditionally steel or fiberglass applications. Some advantages over traditional composites:
Reduced weight Increased flexibility Greater moldability Less expensive Sound insulation Renewable resource Self-healing properties
Alloys
Benefits of Alloys:
Decreased weight Durable Easy to manufacture and repair
Future development of Personal Air Vehicles (PAV), calls for safer, easy to fly planes.
Self-healing (often biocomposite) materials can be utilized to reduce maintenance. An Aeronautic Vehicle Integrated Health Management System is looking into selfhealing materials that will fill cracks in the structure by breaking capsules and releasing adhesive.
damage Identification of the cause of the damage Formulation of the response Execution of the response
What is IVHM?
Intelligent sensing system
Detects and measures quantities and uses this information to make forward looking decisions Uses thousands and perhaps millions of different sensors used to measure different quantities (stress, strain, temperature, acoustics, etc)
Types of Sensors
Fiber Optic Piezoelectric Infrared imaging
acoustic emissions, and corrosion Uses Bragg grating to measure changes in light signal
A change in stress moves the Bragg grating producing a shift in the reflected wavelength
Piezoelectric Materials
Convert mechanical input into an electrical signal
(sensor) or convert and electrical pulse into a mechanical action (actuator) Can detect energies caused by impact events or defect generation (cracks, delamination) Arrays of sensors allow a pinpoint determination of the damage location Sensors have been able to detect cracks 0.005 inches in length of six inches Will be embedded or surface mounted. Less expensive option
Infrared Imaging
Detects heat signatures in
order to detect leaks, cracks, debonding, corrosion, poor electrical wiring and contacts, and to assess overall thermal profiles of components. Most often used to detect defects or damage in the propulsion system. Widely used, inexpensive
Summary of IVHM
Rapidly growing field dependant on the improvement
and development of sensing technologies. It will enable less reliance on statistical based scheduled maintenance and moves towards a condition based maintenance which will greatly reduce ownership costs
References
http://showcase.netins.net/web/creativecomposites/Biocomposites.html, Creative
Composites, Ltd., 19 September 2006 http://www.crgrp.net/veriflex.htm, CRG Industries, LLC., 19 September 2006 Flying off the Drawing Board, Jeff Wise, Popular Mechanics, volume 183 no. 7, July 2006 http://www.crgindustries.com/veritex.htm, CRG Industries, LLC, 19 September 2006 http://www.centennialofflight.gov/essay/Evolution_of_Technology/composites/Tech4 0.htm, U.S. Centennial of Flight Commission, 23 September 2006 http://ammtiac.alionscience.com/pdf/2004MaterialEASE27.pdf#search=%22Vehicle% 20Integrated%20Health%20Monitoring%20System%22, The AMPTIAC Quarterly, Volume 8, Number 3, Sensors and Sensing Technologies for Integrated Vehicle Health Monitoring Systems