Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Leadership
Management Use of authority inherent in designated formal rank to obtain compliance from organizational members.
Leadership
Managership/leadership Essence of leadership is followership or willingness of followers to accept a leader People follow those who provide a means of achieving their own desires/need/wants
Definition:
Process of influencing people so that they will strive willingly and enthusiastically towards achievement of group goals
Ingredients of Leadership:
1. Ability to use power 2. Ability to comprehend human being & their behavior 3. Ability to inspire 4. Ability to develop conducive environment
Democratic/Participative:
Consults, encourages participation of subordinates
Free-Rein:
Uses his power very little Subordinates set their goals & plan its achievement
Benevolent Autocrats:
Listen to subordinates, but decide on their own
Participative/Supportive:
Not only encouraging participation but supports subordinates in accomplishment of goals
3-Dimensions:
Positive power legitimate Task structure clarity Leader member relationship willingness to follow
Trait Theories
Traits Theories of Leadership Theories that consider personality, social, physical, or intellectual traits to differentiate leaders from nonleaders.
Leadership Traits:
Ambition and energy The desire to lead
High self-monitoring
Job-relevant knowledge
Trait Theories
Limitations:
No universal traits found that predict leadership in all situations.
Traits predict behavior better in weak than strong situations. Unclear evidence of the cause and effect of relationship of leadership and traits.
Better predictor of the appearance of leadership than distinguishing effective and ineffective leaders.
Behavioral Theories
Behavioral Theories of Leadership
Trait theory: Leaders are born, not made. Behavioral theory: Leadership traits can be taught.
Scandinavian Studies
Development-Oriented Leader
One who values experimentation, seeking new ideas, and generating and implementing change.
Researchers in Finland and Sweden question whether there are only two dimensions (production-orientation and employee-orientation) that capture the essence of leadership behavior. Their premise is that in a changing world, effective leaders would exhibit development-oriented behavior.
Contingency Theories
Fiedlers Contingency Model The theory that effective groups depend on a proper match between a leaders style of interacting with subordinates and the degree to which the situation gives control and influence to the leader. Least Preferred Co-Worker (LPC) Questionnaire An instrument that purports to measure whether a person is task- or relationship-oriented.
Task Structure
The degree to which the job assignments are procedurized. Position Power Influence derived from ones formal structural position in the organization; includes power to hire, fire, discipline, promote, and give salary increases.
Supportive Participative
Monitoring
Unable
Directive
Path-Goal Theory
Path-Goal Theory
The theory that it is the leaders job to assist followers in attaining their goals and to provide them the necessary direction and/or support to ensure that their goals are compatible with the overall objectives of the group or organization.
Leader-Participation Model
Leader-Participation Model (Vroom and Yetton) A leadership theory that provides a set of rules to determine the form and amount of participative decision making in different situations.