ADEA 1113: Geografi Manusia Proses & Pola

Fauza Ab. Ghaffar

Kuliah 3- 18/4

Population
Population Growth Population Distribution Population Density Population Characteristics Population Pyramids Demographic Transition

Population Distribution
Where ? - Distribution How? - Pattern Why ? -Factors

World Population Distribution

Note!

Population concentration areas Sparsely populated Areas Where are there: continent, Countries, regions, cities?

Population Distribution
Population Concentrations East Asia South Asia South East Asia Europe North America Sparsely Populated Regions dry lands wet lands high lands cold lands

Population Density:Indicator of Distribution

Population density is the number of people per unit of area usually per square kilometer or mile (which may include or exclude cultivated or potentially productive area). Commonly this may be calculated for a county, city, country, another territory, or the entire world. The world's population is 7 billion,[4] and Earth's total area (including land and water) is 510 million square kilometers (197 million square miles).[5] Therefore the worldwide human population density is 6.8 billion 510 million = 13.3 per km2 (34.5 per sq. mile). If only the Earth's land area of 150 million km2 (58 million sq. miles) is taken into account, then human population density increases to 45.3 per km2 (117.2 per sq. mile). This calculation includes all continental and island land area, including Antarctica. If Antarctica is also excluded, then population density rises to 50 people per km2 (129.28 per sq. mile).[1] Considering that over half of the Earth's land mass consists of areas inhospitable to human inhabitation, such as deserts and high mountains, and that population tends to cluster around seaports and fresh water sources, this number by itself does not give any meaningful measurement of human population density.

Population Distribution

Arithmetic Density: The total number of people divided by the total land area.

Arithmetic Density: The total number of people divided by the total land area.

Physiological

Density: The number of people per unit of area of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture.

Density
Arithmetic Density: The total number of people divided by the total land area. Physiological Density: The number of people per unit of area of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture. Agricultural Density: The number of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for agriculture.

 Arithmetic

Density: The total number of people divided by the total land. area.

Physiological

Density: The number of people per unit of area of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture.

 Agricultural Density: The number of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for agriculture.

10 most densely populated countries

10 most densely populated countries

Factors Affecting Population Densities

Factors affecting population density There are a number of different environmental and human factors which affect why people are not spread evenly across the world. The world is made up of a vast number of contrasting environments: Some areas have a temperate or mild climate, others are covered in ice. Some areas are fertile, others are desert. Some of these environments attract settlers,w hile other environments repel settlers - as shown in the diagram below.

Reasons for distribution

The reasons for the uneven distribution of population can be divided into two categories:- Physical and Human

Physical factors Relief

(shape of the land)

High density Flat areas are easier to build homes, industry for jobs and communications on (roads and railways). The soil is usually deeper and more fertile so more food can be grown for the people living there. Eg Ganges valley, India.

Low density Areas that are high and steep experience a colder, wetter climate, making it more difficult to grow crops. The steepness makes it hard to build on or grow crops because the soil is easily washed to the bottom of the slope. These areas are also remote. Eg the Himalayas.

Reasons for distribution

The reasons for the uneven distribution of population can be divided into two categories:- Physical and Human

Physical factors
High density Ganges valley, India.

Relief

(shape of the land)

Low density the Himalayas.

Reasons for distribution

The reasons for the uneven distribution of population can be divided into two categories:- Physical and Human

Physical factors

Climate

High density These areas have a climate which is not too wet or dry, not too cold or too hot. The climate is moderate enough to allow food to be grown and and pleasant to live in. Eg the UK.

Low density Some areas are too dry for soils to exist, so no food can be grown (deserts), or too wet so that a soils nutrients are washed out of it (rainforest). Extreme cold can also mean a permafrost layer limits what can be grown there, and also make transport and building difficult (tundra). Eg the Sahara or Alaska.

Reasons for distribution

The reasons for the uneven distribution of population can be divided into two categories:- Physical and Human

Physical factors
High density UK.

Climate

Low density Sahara or Alaska.

Reasons for distribution

The reasons for the uneven distribution of population can be divided into two categories:- Physical and Human

Physical factors

Soil fertility

High density Areas that have soils with plenty of nutrients will be able to grow plenty of food and be able to support a high population. Eg the Netherlands.

Low density Areas with poorer soils either because there is too much rain, or too little or it is too cold will have problems growing food and so much fewer people will be able to live there. Eg Amazonia.

Reasons for distribution

The reasons for the uneven distribution of population can be divided into two categories:- Physical and Human

Physical factors
High density Netherlands.

Soil fertility

Low density Amazonia.

Reasons for distribution

The reasons for the uneven distribution of population can be divided into two categories:- Physical and Human

Physical factors

Water supply

High density Places with a moderate climate which receives good amounts of rainfall will have enough water for all the needs of humans drinking, cleaning, cooking, transport. Eg East coast of China.

Low density Much drier areas will have problems since soils are more easily blown away, and are left useless. Similarly, areas that have too much rain also have poor soils because the nutrients are washed out of them (leaching). Eg Arabian peninsula.

Reasons for distribution

The reasons for the uneven distribution of population can be divided into two categories:- Physical and Human

Physical factors
High density East coast of China.

Water supply

Low density Arabian peninsula.

Reasons for distribution

The reasons for the uneven distribution of population can be divided into two categories:- Physical and Human

Human factors

Resources

High density If an area has plenty of natural resources eg coal or iron ore, then this will attract people to go to that place for work in industry.

Low density Areas that dont have resources will not attract so many people as there is less chance of making a living there, and consequently population density will remain low.

Reasons for distribution

The reasons for the uneven distribution of population can be divided into two categories:- Physical and Human

Human factors
High density Europe

Resources

Low density Sahara

Reasons for distribution

The reasons for the uneven distribution of population can be divided into two categories:- Physical and Human

Human factors

Political

High density Countries with stable governments tend to have a high population density and this encourages further growth e.g. Singapore

Low density Unstable countries tend to have lower population densities as people migrate, and this hinders further growth e.g. Afghanistan.

Reasons for distribution

The reasons for the uneven distribution of population can be divided into two categories:- Physical and Human

Human factors
High density Singapore

Political

Low density Afghanistan

Population Characteristics

Crude

Birth Rate : The total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society.

Crude

Death Rate : The total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society.

Natural

Increase: The percentage growth of a population in a year, computed as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate.

Population Characteristics
Crude Birth Rate : The total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society. Crude Death Rate : The total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society. Natural Increase: The percentage growth of a population in a year, computed as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate.

Population Characteristics
Fertility Rate: The average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years.

Doubling Time: The number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase.

Infant

Mortality Rate: - the number of deaths of children under the age of 1, per thousand of the general population.

Population Characteristics
Life Expectancy : The average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions. Population under the age of 15 - usually shown as a percentage of the total population of a country - dependency ages Population over the age of 65 - usually shown as a percentage of the population. dependency age

Life

Expectancy : The average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions.

Population

under the age of 15 - usually shown as a percentage of the total population of a country - dependency age is 0-15

Population Characteristics
Population Growth Population Composition Population Structure

Akan Datang

Pada akhir kuliah anda dapat:

1. Menjelaskan konsep kepadatan dan taburan penduduk 2. Menghuraikan taburan penduduk dunia serta faktor yang mempengaruhi taburan . 3. Menjelaskan konsep asas ciri penduduk

Terima Kasih/TQ