CSMA

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What is CSMA

Is a type of random access technique

Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) is a probabilistic Media Access Control (MAC) protocol in which a node verifies the absence of other traffic before transmitting on a shared transmission medium, such as an electrical bus, or a band of the electromagnetic spectrum. Carrier Sense describes the fact that a transmitter uses feedback from a receiver that detects a carrier wave before trying to send. That is, it tries to detect the presence of an encoded 5/7/12 signal from another station before attempting to

How does it work?

Collisions of the packet are avoided by listening to the carrier due to transmission from another user before transmitting and inhibiting transmission if the channel is sensed busy The receiver is tuned to a common frequency The user listens before transmitting and if it is sensed that no body is transmitting then the packet is transmitted. Throughput is unity if there is zero

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CSMA Access Modes

1-persistent: When the sender (station) is ready to transmit data, it checks if the physical medium is busy. If so, it senses the medium continually until it becomes idle, and then it transmits a piece of data . In case of a collision, the sender waits for a random period of time and attempts to transmit again. 1persistent CSMA is used in CSMA/CD 5/7/12 systems including Ethernet.

Non-persistent Non persistent CSMA is less aggressive compared to P persistent protocol. In this protocol, before sending the data, the station senses the channel and if the channel is idle it starts transmitting the data. But if the channel is busy, the station does not continuously sense it but instead of that it waits for random amount of time and 5/7/12 repeats the algorithm. Here the

Types of CSMA

Carrier sense multiple access with collision detection

CSMA/CD) is a modification of CSMA. CSMA/CD is used to improve CSMA performance by terminating transmission as soon as a collision is detected, and reducing the probability of a second collision on retry.

Carrier sense multiple access with 5/7/12 collision avoidance

CSMA/CD

Stands for carrier sense multiple access/ collision detection A second element to the Ethernet access protocol is used to detect when a collision occurs. When there is data waiting to be sent, each transmitter also monitors its own transmission. If it observes a collision it stops transmission immediately and instead transmits a 32-bit jam sequence. The purpose of this sequence is to ensure that any other node which may currently be receiving this frame will receive the jam signal in place of the correct 32bit MAC CRC, this causes the other receivers to 5/7/12 discard the frame due to a CRC error.

CSMA/CA

A node wishing to transmit data has to first listen to the channel for a predetermined amount of time to determine whether or not another node is transmitting on the channel within the wireless range. If the channel is sensed "idle," then the node is permitted to begin the transmission process. If the channel is sensed as "busy," the node defers 5/7/12 its transmission for a random period

Difference between CSMA and ALOHA

Main difference between Aloha and CSMA is that Aloha protocol does not try to detect whether the channel is free before transmitting but the CSMA protocol verifies that the channel is free before transmitting data. Thus CSMA protocol avoids clashes before they happen while Aloha protocol detects that a channel is busy only after a clash happens. Due to this, CSMA is more suitable for networks such as Ethernet where multiple sources and destinations use the same channel.
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Disadvantages

It cannot prevent exactly simultaneously transmission from clashing. It cannot detect, if stations are transmitting if they are hidden from each other either by distance or by terrain.

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Thank you

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