Artificial Intelligence

Lecture 1

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General Issue and Overview of AI

1. The AI problems 2. What is an AI Technique? 1. Characteristics of AI application

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What Is Artificial Intelligence

AI is the study of how to make computers do things which ,at the moment people do better

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The AI Problems

Mundane Tasks Formal Tasks Expert Tasks

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Mundane Tasks

Perception
Vision Speech

Natural Language
Understanding Generation Translation

Robot Control Commonsense Reasoning

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Formal Tasks

Games
Chess Backgammon Checkers Go

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Formal Tasks
Mathematics Geometry Logic Integral Calculus Proving Properties of Programs

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Expert Tasks

Engineering
Design Fault Finding Manufacturing planning

Scientific Analysis medical Diagnosis financial Analysis

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What is an AI Technique

AI Technique is a method to exploit knowledge For AI Techniques there is some degree of independence between problems and problem solving techniques.

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The AI Technique
An Example for AI Technique is

Question AnsweringQuestion answering programs define what it means to be an answer by the procedure that is use to compute the answer.

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The AI Techniques
The three important AI Techniques are: SEARCHProvides a way of solving problems for which no more direct approach is available as well as a framework into which any direct techniques that are available can be embedded

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The AI Techniques
Use of knowledgeProvides a way of solving complex problems by exploiting the structures of the objects that are involved.

AbstractionProvides a way of separating important features and variations from the many unimportant ones that would otherwise overwhelm any process
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Characteristics of AI Problem
1.Is the problem decomposable into a set of independent smaller or easier sub problem.
if the problem is not easily solvable ,the integrator checks to see whether it can decompose the problem into smaller problems.If it can ,it creates those problems and call itself recursively on them.using this technique of problem decomposition ,we can often solve the problem very easily.

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Characteristics of AI Problem
2.can solution steps be ignored or at least undone if they prove unwise. 3.Is the problems universe predictable? all possible solution cannot be predicated. 4.Is a good solution absolute or relative? 5.Is the solution a state or a Path? 6.What is the role of knowledge? 7.Does the task Required Interaction with a person? 8.problem classification.
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End of This Session

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