Carbon Compounds

Carbon compounds are defined as compunds that contain carbon atoms (C) and other, such as H, O, Click to edit Master subtitle styleseveral metal N, S, P and atoms. Not all carbon compunds are organic compunds, for instance oxides, carbonates, and cyanides.
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Characteristic of Carbon Atoms

C atoms can form 4 strong covalent bonds with other C atoms, and at the same time with other nonmetal atoms. The formations of strong and long carbon chains consisting of thousands of C atoms. The arrangement of carbon chains can be separated into open carbon 5/15/12 chains (both straight chains and

Position of C atoms in carbon chains

C atoms can donate 1, 2, 3, or 4 valence electrons dan share them with other C atoms. Based on the number of C atoms bonded, the position of the C atoms in carbon chains can be separated into:

Primary carbon atoms Secondary carbon atoms Tertiary carbon atoms Quaternary carbon atoms

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Covalent bonds between 2 C atoms in carbon chains

a)

Single bonds (C C) 2 C atoms share a pair of electrons. Multiple bonds

o)

b)

Double bonds (C = C) which involve to sharing of 2 electron pairs Triple bonds (C C) which involve to sharing of 3 electron pairs

o)

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Covalent bonds of C with H and O in carbon chains

a)

Covalent between C and H atoms C and H atoms can covalently bond to form a single bond of C H

b)

Covalent bonds between C and O atoms C and O atoms can covalently bond to form a single bond of C O or a double bond C = O

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Hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbon is the simplest carbon compund the consist of carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) atoms. Based on the arrangement of carbon chains hydrocarbon are classified into aliphatic hydrocarbons, alicyclic hydrocarbons, and aromatic hydrocarbons. Based on the types of bond between C atoms in carbon chains, hydrocarbons can be classified 5/15/12 into saturated hydrocarbon (have

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Alkanes
Alkanes are saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons, hydrocarbons with a chain that is open and all the carbon bonds are single bonds. Alkanes compound having the formula: CnH2n +2

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Isomerism in Hydrocarbons
An isomerism is defined as the occurrence of 2 or more compounds that have the same chemicals formula, but with different structure (how atoms are bonded) or configuration (the spatial arrangement of atoms). The compounds are called isomers.

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There are 3 types of isomerism in hydrocarbon

a)

Chain isomerism in this isomerism, isomers have the different carbon chains / skeletons. Most of them are found in alkana.

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b)

Position isomerism in this isomerism, isomers have the same functional groups, but in different position. Position in isomerism can be found in compound of functional groups. The functional groups in hydrocarbons are multiple bonds of C = C and C C.

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