Phonetics and Phonology

articulation Liquids: Manner of Fatin Mohd Sabri Nuruljannah Usop(G1117428) Shakirah Ismail (G1021122)

Liquids

A consonant sound in which the tongue produces a partial closure in the mouth, resulting in a resonant, vowel-like consonant, such as English l and r. Sounds with very little air resistance. (less friction). It consists of lateral consonant [l] and rhotic [r] Most British dialects of English have one lateral, /l/ and one rhotic, /r/, and therefore have two liquids, exemplified in words such as led and red. Greatest freedom in occuring in consonant clusters, such as /sl/,/bl/,/br/ and /tr/.

Lateral

A lateral is an el-like consonant, in which airstream proceeds along the sides of the tongue, but is blocked by the tongue from going through the middle of the mouth. The sound is produced with the tongue touching the alveolar ridge but the airstream escapes around the sides of the tongue. /leaf/, / lady/, /fly/

English has one lateral phoneme: the lateral approximant /l/, which in many accents has two allophones. The so-called "clear L" or "light L" occurs before a vowel (/lap/, /lady/, /lord/) or before the glide /j/ (/billiard/, /scallion/, /fly/). It is pronounced as the alveolar lateral approximant [l] with a "neutral" position of the body of the tongue. The other variant is called dark l and it occurs before consonants /bold/,/milk/,/hold/ or at the end of words /call/,/trial/, steal/. Pronounced as the velarized alveolar lateral approximant [] with the tongue assuming a spoon-like shape with its back part raised.

Rhotics [r]
sound. The airstream is produced along the centre of the tongue, rather than to the side. Types of rhotic sounds: 1)Alveolar trill/roll [r] The tongue blade repeatedly vibrates touches the alveolar ridge. - Perro (Spanish) //curd/
R-like

2) Alveolar flap/tap [ ]- The tongue blade against the alveolar ridge with a single tap. ( tongue makes very brief contact) /three/, /free/ /better/ - American, Australian, New Zealand. 3)Alveolar continuant [] The symbol [r] is normally used. A consonant with a manner of articulation that involves bringing the articulators quite close together while at the same time leaving a sufciently large gap between them for air to escape without causing audible turbulence. E.g. /Reed/, /raw/ , /red/

Phonetically, all rhotics are different. Phonologically, they fall into one group.