LABOR

By

Ismailaliff Amirul Syameer Click to edit Master subtitle style Luvin Raj Samuel Das Eizzat Fahmi Syafikah Shaamim 5/16/12

LABOR

Labor is the physiological process by which a fetus is expelled from the uterus to the outside world. It involves the sequential integrated changes in the uterine decidua, and myometrium. Changes in the uterine cervix tend to precede uterine contractions.
5/16/12

Uterine Decidua

A mucous membrane lining theuterus, modified during pregnancy and shed at parturition or during menstruation. the middle layer of the uterine wall, consisting mainly of uterine smooth muscle cells (also called uterine myocytes)

Myometrium

5/16/12

MANAGEMENT OF CHILDBIRTH

TYPE OF MANAGEMENT

Emergency Delivery Miscarriage

5/16/12

EMERGENCY DELIVERY

STAGES

Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3

5/16/12

EMERGENCY DELIVERY

Occur to women that

v

Had a previous rapid delivery Have certain connective tissue diseases Have condition make cervix incapable of staying closed Have history of premature labor Have injured or seriously ill

5/16/12

Walking or standing helps in labor; give her small amount of food and liquids to provide more energy

v Dont 5/16/12 wipe vaginal fluid as it can contaminate the birth

STAGE 2

5/16/12

STAGE 2 (continue..)

5/16/12

STAGE 3

5/16/12

CUTTING UMBILICAL CORD

Clamp the cord

v

Tying a double knot with a shoelace about four inches from baby umbilicus Do not pull on cord Gently rotate it and allow it to split out

5/16/12

Delivering The Placenta

When placenta emerges,

v

To stimulate the uterus contraction

o

Get baby to nurse Gently massage the uterus to lessen chances of bleeding

Keep mother flat, foot of bed elevated Place cold pack at lower tummy Apply pressure at area between anus and opening of vagina Watch for any symptoms of shock
5/16/12 If no

medical help after placenta is delivered

Save the placenta or any other membranes for doctor to look at Record estimates amount of vagina bleeding Keep mom and baby warm Monitor baby color and respiration If baby has poor color and respiration

Flick soles of baby feet with couple of fingers to encourage crying

5/16/12

Miscariage

known as spontaneous abortion which pregnancy that suddenly ends before the fetus can survive. usually occur with :

severe bleeding along with the opening of the cervix typically cramping. abdominal pain.

5/16/12

Miscarriage (continue)

it can be divided into 2 types:

Incomplete Miscarriage Complete Miscarriage

5/16/12

Miscarriage (continue)

Incomplete Miscarriage

occur before 20th week of pregnancy bleeding is heavier usually with

abdominal pain expulsion of some matter but not all the products of conception. ultra sound will show some matter still remaining in the wound.

5/16/12

Miscarriage (continue)

Complete Miscarriage

spontaneous abortion its expulsion of all product of conception this including :

fetus placenta tissue

usually she will having

abdominal pain bleeding occurred heavily.

5/16/12

Causes of Miscarriage

The cause of a miscarriage cannot always be determined. There are Seven Most Common Miscarriage Causes. They are :
Chromosomal Abnormalities - These chromosomes duplicate themselves and divide many times during the process of development, and there are numerous points along the way where a problem can occur. Certain genetic abnormalities 5/16/12 are known to be more prevalent in
a)

d) Untreated Illnesses Such as Thyroid Problems (Both Hyper- and Hypo-Thyroidism) and Uncontrolled Diabetes Thyroid conditions and uncontrolled diabetes are both associated with unfavorable uterine environments. The effects of these conditions make it difficult for the embryo to survive.

e) Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) - Women with PCOS have too-high levels of the male hormone testosterone.

f) Bacterial Infections - Certain bacteria can cause problems. Two in particularmycoplasma hominis and ureaplasma urealyticum live in the genital tracts of healthy men and women but raise the risk of miscarriage. These bacteria can inflame the endometrium (the lining of the uterus).

g) Lifestyle (Cigarettes, Alcohol, Drugs, Environmental Toxins) - Nicotine crosses the placenta and interferes with blood supply and fetal growth. Drinking more than two alcoholic beverages a day is also associated with miscarriage. Women who 5/16/12 work in certain environmentsincluding farms, operating rooms,

Stage in Labor

5/16/12

The First Stage of Labour

The first stage of labour is the dilatation of the cervix. The cervix is the neck of the womb (or uterus) which opens into the vagina. This is closed throughout and at the end of pregnancy,it needs to open to allow the baby to pass through into the vagina in order to be born. Stage 1 of labour,commonly called early labour,begins when the woman experiences regular rhythmic contractions and it is complete when the cervix has fully opened to around 10 cm dilated.
5/16/12

The Second Stage of Labour

The second stage of labour begins when the cervix is fully dilated and is complete when the baby has been born. During this time the woman will add her effort of pushing and bearing down to the expulsive contractions to birth the baby.

5/16/12

The Third Stage of Labour

The third stage of labor begins directly after the birth of the baby and involves the separation and the delivery of the placenta and membranes (the afterbirth). The third stage of labour is complete when the mother has successfully passed the placenta and membranes.

5/16/12

5/16/12

5/16/12

Im officially born Thanks Doc

5/16/12