UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SABAH SEMESTER 2 (2011/2012) BIOCHEMISTRY CHOLESTEROL AND Click to edit Master subtitle style CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE

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TRACY ANAK ANGKI (BS 11110670)

What is cholesterol?

Lipid Steroid Found in many foods, bloodstream and bodys cells.

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Structure cholesterol

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Roles of cholesterol
1. Precursor of steroid hormones 2. Production of bile salts 3. Conversion into vitamin D in the skin when exposed to sunlight. 4. Maintain the fluidity of cell membrane.
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Cholesterol Facts
a) Cholesterol can be classified into:

Low density lipoproteins (LDL) High density lipoproteins (HDL) Very low density lipoproteins (VLDL)

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Cholesterol facts
b) High levels of cholesterol in the blood that higher than normal can be refer as hypercholesterolemia or hyperlipidemia (240 mg/dL or above ). A normal cholesterol level < 200 mg of cholesterol per deciliter of blood (mg/dL). Blood cholesterol happen in the range of 200 to 239 mg/dL.
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Cholesterol facts
c) High levels of LDL cholesterol and low levels of HDL cholesterol are risk factors for atherosclerosis. Lowering LDL cholesterol reduces the of heart attacks, disease. strokes,

risk
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andperipheral artery

Bad Cholesterol
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)

contains more fat carry cholesterol to the tissues form plaque & narrow arteries high LDL level : increase risk of coronary artery diseases (CAD), heart diseases -

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Good Cholesterol
High-density lipoprotein (HDL)

cholesterol scavengers carry cholesterol away from arteries and back to the liver

remove excess cholesterol

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high level HDL : protect against heart

Optimal Cholesterol Level

National Cholesterol Education Programme (US) : a) Total cholesterol should remain below 200

mg/dL, unless HDL is high. b) LDL should be lower than 130 mg/dL. c) HDL should be 40 mg/dL or higher.

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How Cholesterol affect cardiovascular disease?

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What is cardiovascular diseaese?

Cardiovascular disease includes:

coronary heart disease stroke high blood pressure other diseases that affect the heart and circulatory system.
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How atherosclerosis happen?

a) Cholesterol is insoluble in water , when it is accumulated and its level is increase in the blood serum, plaque-like deposits may form in the inner
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c)

It may block some of the

arteries by clotting at some point where the arteries are

constricted by plaque, and will lead to myocardial infarction

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e)When

the

LDL

receptors

are

insufficient , in certain disease called familial hypercholesterolemia causing to the high level cholesterol in plasma that to the premature atherosclerosis and heart attack

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The other name for HBC

Prevention:

Avoiding smoking Aerobic reducing exercise is

especially helpful in serum cholesterol levels.

Reducing the amount

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of fat and cholesterol

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