Application of Synchrophasor Technology To CREZ System

CREZ Technical Conference January 26, 2010

Navin Bhatt American Electric Power

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Outline

1.Synchrophasor Technology
2.Potential Applications 3.Applications to Consider for CREZ System

1. Synchrophasor Technology
Phasor: An electrical quantity with magnitude and phase (angle)

Synchrophasors: Time-synchronized phasors

Phasor Representation

Courtesy: CERTS/EPG

Synchrophasor Infrastructure

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Courtesy: Eastern Interconnection Phasor Project (EIPP)

SCADA Data Vs. Synchrophasors

SCADA Conventional Situational Awareness Technology Advantages of Synchrophasor Technology

Direct measurement (as opposed to calculated values using model-based SE solutions from SCADA data) 8/14/03 Blackout: AEP SE could not converge; PMU data kept coming Time-stamped data, accurate within tens of micro-seconds of UTC High resolution (10-60 samples per second)
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Technology Promise
Synchrophasor Technology Can provide situational awareness on a sub-second basis over wide area Instantaneous measure of power system stress between wide area locations Instantaneous measure of power system dynamics at given location MRI of power system vs. X-Ray by SCADA technology PMU data well suited to activate automated controls
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AEP Synchrophasor Project

AEP/Texas
AEP is taking a leading role in DOE/ERCOT efforts to install synchrophasors in ERCOT AEP was the first utility in ERCOT
to install PMUs

Provide real-time data feed to ERCOT

Work in progress to display modal analysis results in AEP Transmission Operations

AEP/East
Synchrophasor infrastructure includes 25 PMUs
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2. Potential Applications
Industry Challenge: Research, Develop and Deploy Applications
Develop Practical Data Tools for Operators Do NOT need more PMU data Need Actionable Information

2. Potential Applications
Industry Resources
Opportunities to Learn & Get Involved North American Synchrophasor Initiative (NASPI)
(www.naspi.org)

NERC Real-Time Application of PMUs to Improve Reliability (RAPIR) Task Force IEEE
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NASPI

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NASPI

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IEEE

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3. Applications for CREZ System

Large Penetration of Wind Generation Opportunity
To provide leadership in the DOE 20% by 2030 vision To show it can be done!

Challenges
Lower overall system inertia
Altered frequency response Altered small signal stability performance

Energy balance requirements due to generation variability.

Can we take advantage of synchrophasor technology?

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Using PMUs for Renewable Resource Integration

Wind Farm connected to AEPs Ajo Station

PMU data from AEP stations (including Ajo) in ERCOT Control Center

The Last Mile is bringing the PMU data into the Control Center for Wide Area Monitoring and Control

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3. Applications for CREZ System

Potential Applications to Consider
Visualization Small Signal Stability Performance Model Validation Voltage Stability Performance

Advanced Automated Controls

..
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3. Applications for CREZ System

Visualization
RTDMS already deployed at ERCOT PMU Data Display: Added Value? Information (Requires R&D)
Acceptable ranges of quantities displayed

Alarms
Corrective actions to take
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3. Applications for CREZ System

Small Signal Stability Performance
Modal Analysis (Dominant Frequencies & Associated Damping)
Off-Line Analysis
Listen to what the system is telling you Detect Trends: Daily, Seasonal, Long Term Correlate with Levels of Wind Generation

Real Time Analysis Detect damping problems

Tools already available

Take corrective actions

Will require R&D
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3. Applications for CREZ System

Validation of Dynamic Models
Need high resolution data (e.g. PMU data) Calibrate & fine-tune simulation models by comparing simulation results with synchrophasor data WECC Model Validation WG efforts

Opportunity to use data from PMUs at wind generation collection point (transmission buses) to validate wind generation and other dynamic models
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3. Applications for CREZ System

Voltage Stability Performance
Especially of benefit for a scenario involving fast voltage collapse

PMU data can be used to monitor performance in real time through a nomogram developed from offline simulation studies
Tools being developed to calculate margin in real time (e.g. EPRI Measurement-Based Real Time Voltage Stability Monitoring)
An extension of the classic power transfer equation:P12 = V1*V2*Sin 12/X12
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3. Applications for CREZ System

Advanced Automated Controls
Grid operated with margin for anticipated contingencies
Bodes well to maintain reliable bulk power system Introduces inefficiencies Can we rely on real time corrective controls under selected operating scenarios, instead?

Todays controls too myopic

Designed to address local abnormalities Centralized coordinated controls are rare

PMU Data
High resolution & instantaneous Could be used to develop coordinated, centralized wide area controls

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Summary
Synchrophasor technology is promising. Killer apps are still in works. R&D is needed Demonstration to adopt / adapt an application is necessary (e.g. visualization with meaningful alarms) We must work together to apply the technology to CREZ system Will require R&D + Cooperation with NASPI, NERC, et al Our efforts will pay off.

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Questions

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Extra Slides

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Synchrophasor Infrastructure
1.Measurement Layer Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU)
Measures voltage & current waveforms at high sampling rates Calculates voltage & current phasors, frequency and line flows Installed at substations
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Synchrophasor Infrastructure
2. Data Collection Layer Phasor Data Concentrator (PDC)
A hardware/software device

Performs precise time alignment of data from multiple PMUs

Usually centrally located

Archives PMU data (optional)

Processes and displays PMU data (optional)
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Synchrophasor Infrastructure
3. Application Layer

Local (Substation) Applications

Centralized (EMS) Applications Off-Line (Planning) Applications
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