Case Studies as a Methodological Strategy

Defining A Case Study

Inquiries that try to illuminate a decision or a set of decisions: why they were taken, how they were taken and with what results. -Schramm A detailed examination of an event (or a series of related events) that the analyst believes exhibits the operation of some identified generalized general theoretical principles. - Mitchell Those research projects, which attempt to explain holistically the dynamics of a certain historical period of a particular social unit. -Stoeker

Defining A Case Study

Case Study research excels at bringing us to an understanding of a complex issue or object and can extend experience or add strength to what is already known through previous research.

Defining A Case Study

Case Studies emphasize detailed contextual analysis of a limited number of events and their relationships. Rather than using a large samples and to examine a limited number of variables, case study method involves in-depth , longitudinal examination of a single instance or event. They provide a systematic way of looking at what is happening, collecting data, analyzing information and reporting the results. Thus they are particularly suited for generating rather than testing hypotheses.

Types of Case Studies

Snapshot case studies Longitudinal case studies Pre-post case studies Patchwork case studies Comparative case studies

Strengths and Weaknesses, Reliability and Validity

Flexibility as it tends to explore rather than prescribe or predict. Generalisability It is difficult to generalise; this can be taken care of by appropriate research design Relatability - difficult but possible through careful research design Reliability Is possible to the extend it is related to similar other events/ activities.

Validity This method is quite valid to the extent it is replicated to similar situations.

Validity & Reliability: 5 Guidelines

Prolong the process of data collection. This will ensure accuracy of findings Conduct member checks. Initiate and maintain an active corroboration on the interpretation of data between the researcher and those who provide data Collect referential material Engage in peer consultation Employ the process of TRIANGULATION. Use a variety of data sources as opposed to one source.

What is TRIANGULATION

It refers to a process of cross-checking, whereby data relating to a particular aspect is gathered using more than one method and / or source. There are 4 types of Triangulation

Data Source Triangulation Investigator Triangulation Theory Triangulation Methodological Triangulation

Case Study Design and Implementation

Obtain access and agree outline research objectives Refine research questions and agree on research methods Prepare research instruments Carry out field work Analyze data, discuss findings and refine conclusions Write the Case Study