Presentation

ON

PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER

By:

MONIKA DEVI

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION PLC ARCHITECTURE WORKING OF PLC MEMORY ORGANIZATION MODES OF OPERATIONS LADDER LOGIC PLC ADDRESSING ACTIVATION FOR PLC SOFTWARE

What is PLC ?

The National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) defines PLC as Electronic control device having programmable memory . Receives signals from user supplied controlled devices . Implements them in a precise pattern determined by ladder-diagram. Provides outputs for control of processes

PLC ARCHITECTURE

CPU INPUT MODULE OUTPUT MODULE POWER SUPPLY MEMORY

CPU

Processor monitors the status of I/ps, execute the program & control the o/ps They are of various range of memory 6K,8K,16K,32K,48K,64k,100k. There I/O capacity ranging upto 3072 I/P & 3072 O/P

Input/Output Modules

Main feature of those module are: I/O modules are available in a variety of densities including 4,8,16 and 32 point and can interface to AC,DC and TTL voltage levels. High density 32-point modules which reduces rack size . High current relay contact and solid state o/p modules which eliminates the need for interfacing relays. Optical isolation for exceptional reliability in industrial applications.

Program Scan

During each operating cycle, the processor reads all inputs, takes these values and energizes or de energizes the O/P . This process is known as a scan.

Because the I/P can change at any time , the PLC must carry on this process continuously

SCAN TIME

The scan time indicates how fast the controller can react to change in I/P Scan time vary with Processor model and program content and length. If a controller has to react to an I/P signal that changes states twice during the scan time, it is possible that the PLC will never be able to detect this change.

Scan patterns
Horizontal scan order
The processor examines I/P and O/P instructions from the first command ,top left in the program , horizontally , rung by rung

Scan patterns
Vertical scan order
The processor examines I/P and O/P instructions from the first command, vertically, column by column and page by page . Pages are executed in sequence.

MEMORY ORGANIZATION

MEMORY OF CPU

SYSTEM MEMORY (ROM)

USER MEMORY (RAM)

PROGRAM MEMORY (LOGIC)

DATA MEMORY

Processor Memory Organization

The memory of a PLC is organized by types. The memory space can be divided into two broad categories: Program and data memory Advanced ladder logic function allow controllers to perform calculation, make decision and do other complex tasks. Timers and counters are examples of ladder logic functions .

I/O Addressing Mode for SLC-500 Processors :

I/O Addressing depend on physical possition of module in the chassis. Processor module (CPU) always sits in slot no. 0
TYPE OF ADDRESSING
BIT LEVEL ADDRESSING I/O 01 10

Input/Output

Slot no.

Bit no.

WORD LEVEL ADDRESSING I/O 01 10

Input/Output

Slot no.

Word no.

I:3

O:4

TYPES OF ACTIVATION
A PLC requires programming terminal & programming software for operation The terminal uses programming software for programming & talking to PLC Vendors of these software have developed a system of software activation to prevent there unauthorized use These activations are available in various forms Serial No. / authorization code Authorization Floppy Disks Hidden File Placement Dongle Key

ADVANTAGE & DISADVANTAGE OF PLC

PLCS are better for discrete control ( ON

& OFF) PLC scan time is very less so critical loops can execute very fast. PLC hardware & software are usually cheaper. We cant use it for large system. Not much good for analog control .

BASIC INSTRUCTION USED IN LADDER LOGIC

Examine If Closed ( XIC ) symbol : ---] [-- Examine If Open ( XIO ) symbol : ---] [-- Output Energize (OTE) symbol : ---( )-- Output Latch (OTL) symbol : ---(OTL)-- Output Unlatch (OTU) symbol : ---(OTU)---