Central Nervous System (CNS)

brain spinal cord

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

cranial nerves spinal nerves

CNS

PNS

sensory input motor input sensory receptor effector integration

dendrite cell body

Myelin sheath axon

Synapse

Schwann Cells

Nodes of Ranvier

Axon

Dorsal root eye, ear, & olfactory most abundant type in CNS ganglion cells

unipolar bipolar

multipolar

Ca2+

Presynaptic neuron Postsynaptic membrane

Synaptic vesicles containing neurotransmitters

Acetylcholine- slows heart rate; PNS Glutamate- most prevalent neurotransmitter in the brain Aspartate- in CNS GABA- inhibitory neurotransmitter Glycine- inhibitory neurotransmitter Norepinephrine- awakening from deep sleep tyrosine Epinephrine- increase heart rate Dopamine- movement of skeletal muscles Seratonin- sensory perception, temp regulation, mood, sleep Nitric oxide- may play a role in memory and learning Enkephalin- inhibit pain impulses by suppressing release of substance P Substance P- enhances perception of pain

brain

Cerebrum
a a a a

Involved with higher brain functions. Processes sensory information. Initiates motor functions. Integrates information.

Motor, Sensory & Association Cortex

Primary Sensory Cortex

Primary Motor Cortex

Hypothalamus
Regulates:
autonomic control center- blood pressure, rate and force of heart contraction, center for emotional response and behavior body temperature water balance and thirst sleep/wake cycles appetite sexual arousal control of endocrine functioning: Acts on the pituitary gland through the

Medulla Oblongata
Contains control centers for many subconscious activities Respiratory rate Heart rate Arteriole constriction Swallowing Hiccupping Coughing Sneezing

Cerebellum

Controls and coordinates muscular activity. Important in equilibrium, posture and movement.

Functional Divisions of the Peripheral Nervous System

Afferent Division
Sensory (advances) neuron goes toward CNS

Efferent Division
Motor (exits) neuron- leaves CNS Somatic Nervous System Autonomic Nervous System

interneuron motor neuron

sensory neuron motor neuron stretch receptor patellar ligament

Spinal Reflex Arc

The Autonomic Nervous System

Parasympathetic and Sympathetic Nervous System: A subdivision of the PNS Not under conscious control Work antagonistically Controlled by medulla oblongata and hypothalamus Peripheral nervous system that supplies stimulation via motor nerves to smooth and cardiac muscle and to glands