Learning Objectives

Collect a body of reliable resources Organize research

Generate ideas using brainstorming, free

writing, bubbling and outlining

Key Concepts
Plagiarism is the intentional or unintentional use of another person's written, spoken, or other material in your own writing without citation and should be avoided at all costs. Unethical Severe consequences professionally and academically Provide citations for all outside resources: direct quotations, paraphrases, and summarized material

Key Concepts

A direct quotation is a phrase, sentence or several sentences copied word for word from another source and put into quotation marks.
Paraphrasing and summarizing are taking the ideas or key points from the original source and putting them into your own words (without misrepresenting the facts or ideas presented).

All require in-text citations as well as full citations.

Prewriting is an exercise that can help get your creativity flowing and lead to great ideas
Free writing
Bubble clustering Listing Informal outlining

When and how to use quotations

Your literary research paper should largely consist of your own original thoughts and ideas. The research materials (sources) you gather should be used to support your ideas, not necessarily make them. On their own, sources have no meaning unless you are able to put them into context by making connections between them and your thesis statement. There are three ways to incorporate sources into your paper.

Direct Quotation
A direct quote is a phrase, sentence or several sentences copied word for word from another source and put into quotation marks. Example: "People do not volunteer to donate organs-it is expected of them. If someone does not want her organs donated, she of course has the option to 'opt out' of the presumed consent policy" (Jetson 22).

Paraphrasing
You can paraphrase original material by putting the original into your own words. You don't need quotation marks, but you still need to provide the intext citation to avoid plagiarism. Example: Under presumed consent, people are expected to donate their organs upon death. Individuals are not forced to donate, however, and can 'opt out' of the policy by maintaining a will (Jetson 28).

Summary
You may also summarize original material. A summary is similar to paraphrasing but instead of presenting all of the key details in the material, it touches only on the most important parts. Again, you do not need quotation marks but you do need an in-text citation to avoid plagiarism.
Example: The presumed consent policy is truly an

option, not a mandate (Jetson 28.

Avoiding Plagiarism
To avoid plagiarism, you must give credit whenever you use:
another person's idea, opinion, or theory;

any facts, statistics, graphs, drawings -- any pieces of

information -- that are not common knowledge;

quotations of another person's actual spoken or written

words;
or paraphrase of another person's spoken or written words.

In text citations
Single author (Anton 8).
No author listed- paraphrased or summarized

(New Immigration 35). Wordsworth stated that Romantic poetry was marked by a "spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings" (263). Romantic poetry is characterized by the "spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings" (Wordsworth 263). Wordsworth extensively explored the role of emotion in the creative process (263).

Works Cited Citations

Book Lastname, Firstname. Title of Book. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. Medium of Publication. Gleick, James. Chaos: Making a New Science. New York: Penguin, 1987. Print. Henley, Patricia. The Hummingbird House. Denver: MacMurray, 1999. Print.

Journal Article
Journal Article: from a database Author(s). "Title of Article." Title of Journal Volume. Issue (Year): pages.
Article in a Newspaper Brubaker, Bill. "New Health Center Targets County's Uninsured Patients." Washington Post 24 May 2007: LZ01.

Website
The Purdue OWL Family of Sites. 26 Aug. 2005. The Writing Lab and OWL at Purdue and Purdue University. 23 April 2006 <http://owl.english.purdue.edu>.
Felluga, Dino. Guide to Literary and Critical Theory. 28 Nov. 2003. Purdue University. 10 May 2006 http://www.cla.purdue.edu/english/theory.

Have a great week.

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