ChhattisgarhAn Overview

Agro Climatic Zones

Northern Hills Zone

Falls under Eastern Plateau and Hills Zone subdivided into three agro climatic zones. Geog. area (4.15 % of the country) Net sown area (35 % of its geog. area) 57 % soil is medium to light. Forest cover (46 % of its geog. area) Average rainfall : : 63.36 lakh ha. 1373 mm. : : 137.90 lakh ha. 47.75 lakh ha.

Chhattisgarh Plains Zone

Net Irrigated Area

Farm families

:
:

13.55 lakh ha (29%)

32.55 lakh (33% ST, 12 % SC) 15% land 19% land

54% Marginal Farmers own : 22% Small Farmers own :

Bastar Plateau Zone

24% Others own

Cropping intensity

:
:

66% land
135 %

Agriculture Scenario - State vis--vis National

National 2010-11 (Est.)
1403.00
(42.6 %) Lakh ha. 622.9 (46 %) % kg/ ha. 139 128.58

Particular
Net Sown Area
(Percentage to Geographical area) Irrigated Area (Percentage to net sown area) Cropping Intensity Fertilizer Consumption Productivity of Major Crop

Unit
Lakh ha.

CHHATTISGARH 2010-11(Est.)
46.97
(34 %) 13.55 (29 %) 135 92.38

Rice
Arhar Soybean kg/ ha.

2177
799 1065

1751
435 1170

MAJOR CONSTRAINTS
Domination of small / marginal farmers (76 %) and fragmented land holding. Large extent of rainfed area (71 %). Only 29 % area under irrigation, mainly through canal which provides protective irrigation. Out of 27 districts 18 districts are Naxal affected (67 %) Domination of Tribal (33 %) and Scheduled Caste (12 %) population with low literacy. Low level of farm mechanization and fertilizer use. Inadequate credit input supply system.

Inadequate infrastructure.

Soil Health Status (Major Nutrient Deficiency and extent)

Soils of all 5 districts in Northern Hill zone are Medium in N and P, but High in K. Soils in the Chhattisgarh Plains zone have varied levels of the major nutrients : Nitrogen level in 10 districts of Raipur division is low, but 5 districts of Bilaspur division is Medium.

Regarding P level 9 districts (Raipur division 4 and Bilaspur division -5) have medium and rest 6 districts of Raipur division is low.
K - content in 6 districts are of medium level and in remaining 9 districts are of High level.

Bastar Plateau zone comprises of 7 districts which constitute 13.42% arable area of the state. Around 56% soils are light textured with low water holding capacity.

Bastar Plateau soils as whole (all 7 districts) have medium level of all three major nutrients (NPK).

GIS Based Soil Fertility Maps (INDIAN INSTITUTE OF SOIL SCIENCE)

Agro Climatic Zone-wise Area

Agro Climatic Zone Districts Included Raipur, Gariyaband, Balodabazar, Mahasamund, Dhamtari, Durg, Balod, Bemetara, Rajnandgaon, Kabirdham, Bilaspur, Mungeli, Korba, Janjgeer, Raigarh & a part of Kanker Districts (Narharpur & Kanker Block) Jagdalpur, Narayanpur, Beejapur, Kondagaon, Dantewada, Sukma and the remaining part of Kanker Districts Sarguja, Surajpur, Balrampur, Koria, Jashpur & Dharamjaigarh Tehsil of Raigarh Districts Total Geo. Area Net sown area Soil Type Entisol 36 %, (Bhatha) Alfisol 21 %, (Matasi) Inceptisol 22 %, (Dorsa) Vertisol 18 %, (Kanhar) Alliuvial 3% (Kachhar) Entisol 26 %, Alfisol 25 %, Inceptisol 34 %, Vertisol 10 %, Alliuvial 5% Entisol 13 %, Alfisol 29 %, Inceptisol 28 %, Vertisol 28 %, Alliuvial 2% Irri. % Cropping Intensity

C.G. Plains (15 Distt.)

68.49 lakh ha. (50%)

32.95 Lakh ha.

43 %

139

Bastar Plateau (7 Distt.)

39.06 lakh ha. (29%)

6.40 Lakh ha.

5%

122

Northern Hills (5 Distt.)

28.47 lakh ha. (21%)

8.35 Lakh ha.

11 %

135

Agro Climatic Zone-wise Cropping Pattern

Zone Rainfed Irrigated

Northern Hills

Rice - Fallow, Maize - Fallow, Fallow - Horse Gram/Niger (Horsegram and niger are mid season crop sown during Aug.to mid Sept.) Arhar - Fallow Rice - Wheat Maize - Mustard Sugarcane
Rice - Fallow, Rice - Lathyrus, Rice - Lathyrus, Rice - Gram / Wheat Soybean - Gram / Wheat Soybean + Arhar Kodo / Urd / Moong / Til + Arhar Maize - Mustard

Rice - Wheat, Maize - Wheat / Mustard, Vegetable - Vegetable Sugarcane

Chhattisgarh Plains

Rice - Gram / Wheat / Sunflower, Rice - Rice / Maize, Maize - Urd, Vegetable - Vegetable, Soybean + Arhar, Sugarcane

Bastar Plateau

Rice - Fallow, Maize - Fallow, Millets / Niger - Fallow, Arhar + Moong / Urd - Fallow

Rice - Wheat / Gram Maize - Gram / Mustard Rice - Maize Vegetable - Vegetable Sugarcane

Production and Productivity in Rainfed & Irrigated Area (RICE)

PRODUCTION (000 MT) District Rainfed Raipur Mahasamund Dhamtari Durg Rajnandgaon Kabirdham Bilaspur Janjgeer Korba Raigarh Sarguja Jashpur Koria Jagdalpur Narayanpur Dantewada Beejapur Kanker Total 251.00 234.40 65.10 350.40 284.90 66.40 216.70 97.50 118.10 258.70 320.10 234.50 56.30 416.46 21.24 248.64 100.16 313.30 3653.90 Irrigated 423.40 188.40 236.90 434.80 140.80 53.00 291.10 535.90 11.20 78.80 7.60 10.20 13.90 8.30 0.00 6.00 0.00 64.80 2505.10 Total 674.40 422.80 302.00 785.20 425.70 119.40 507.80 633.40 129.30 337.50 327.70 244.70 70.20 424.76 21.24 254.64 100.16 378.10 6159.00 Rainfed 1166 1481 1886 1553 1499 1415 1370 1688 1205 1406 1111 1447 1106 1755 1769 1989 1996 2154 1501 Irrigated 1738 2703 2625 2290 2181 2135 2247 2978 2100 1739 1807 1629 1857 3000 0 3295 0 3694 2313 Total 1470 1854 2420 1890 1672 1664 1765 2665 1251 1472 1121 1454 1202 1769 1769 1996 1996 2320 1751 PRODUCTIVITY (kg.ha.)

Production and Productivity of Major Kharif crops in Rainfed Area (Year 2010-11)
Crop Production (000 MT) Productivity (kg/ha.) Chhattisgarh 1809 1170 435 National 1959 1065 799

Maize Soybean Tur

324.63 172.37 90.85

Groundnut
Black Gram

76.17
75.41

1456
430

1144
NA

Niger Kodo-kutki
Kulthi

27.41 24.80
24.64

260 360
375

NA NA
NA

District-wise Irrigation Source and Coverage

Irrigation Source (Area- Lakh Ha.)
District
Raipur Mahasamund Dhamtari Durg Rajnandgaon Kabirdham Bilaspur Janjgeer Korba Raigarh Sarguja Jashpur Koria Jagdalpur Narayanpur Dantewada Beejapur Kanker Total Canal No. 103 59 10 296 160 39 136 13 35 81 152 51 77 15 0 18 9 17 1271 Area 2.39 0.32 0.84 1.27 0.47 0.17 1.16 1.87 0.05 0.18 0.06 0.04 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.07 8.95 Tank No. 8042 3836 24 306 652 46 6324 7640 1962 2721 2705 274 929 142 6 12 446 649 36716 Area 0.06 0.10 0.00 0.03 0.04 0.00 0.04 0.02 0.00 0.05 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.04 0.46 Tubewell No. 22264 8311 15136 33938 9222 10067 13988 2864 515 10280 4817 203 586 1973 46 141 0 5119 139470 Area 0.40 0.30 0.16 0.92 0.19 0.29 0.25 0.06 0.00 0.32 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07 3.00 Well No. 23823 13236 1201 1458 7854 2041 5136 7346 1217 3796 53716 12774 5747 2773 59 59 82 4481 146799 Area 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.06 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.26 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Other No. Area 0.11 0.05 0.01 0.13 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.07 0.27 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.89 Total No. 54232 25442 16371 35998 17888 12193 25584 17863 3729 16878 61390 13302 7339 4903 111 230 537 10266 324256 Area 2.99 0.78 1.02 2.36 0.75 0.48 1.50 1.99 0.08 0.62 0.42 0.09 0.07 0.10 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.27 13.55 Irri. % 56 29 76 43 21 26 41 77 6 23 9 3 7 3 1 1 5 13 29

Status of Ground Water Development and Critical Areas

Only 14 blocks of 6 districts in the zone of Chhattisgarh Plains are semi critical i.e. stage of G.W. Development between 70 % and 100 %

Distt.
Bilaspur Dhamtari Durg Balod Bemetara Kabirdham Raigarh Rajnandgaon
Dhamtari (91.13 %) Dhamdha (78.61 %) Balod (89.46 %) Bemetara (74.55 %)

Blocks
Belha (89.19 %) Kurud (75.69 %) Nagari (89.84 %) Patan (77.85 %)

Durg (95.6 %)

Gurur (99.06 %) Saja (80.37 %) Pandariya (89.03 %) Baramkela (96.7 %) Rajnandgaon (75.17 %)

Stage of Ground Water Development in remaining 132 blocks of all 27

districts is Safe i.e. < 70 %

Graphical Analysis of Potential Evapo-transpiration (PET) with Monthly Rainfall Unit- MM

Maximum portion of rainfall is received between 15th June to 30th Sep. (Monthly rainfall being 200 to 350 mm) and PET during this period falls down ranging from 160 to 100 mm per month.. PET starts shearly rising in the month Feb. from 100 mm to max. 210 mm in May. So crops grown during this period will require heavy amount of irrigation at shortest intervals.

Management efforts made

Agronomic Management : Replacement of long duration Rice verities with early and medium duration to avoid the impact of drought as well as increasing the possibility of second crop. Diversification of upland Rice with suitable Pulses, Maize and Millets which requires less water. Promotion of green manuring and organic manuring to improve soil health and water holding capacity. Thrust on line sowing of Rice to maintain adequate plant population. It also helps in early maturity and controlling weeds. Promotion of water stress tolerant Rice variety Indira Barani Dhan-I newly evolved by SAU.

Contd. . .

Contd. . .

Management efforts made

State Initiatives for area expansion under irrigation and water harvesting : Highest priority in plan allocation - Irrigated area has increased by 3.44 lakh ha. since state's formation. Irrigation potential increased from 22% to 29% Thrust on run-off water management - massive programme for construction of water harvesting structures (Micro-minor Irrigation Tanks, Anicut, Checkdams) through different State/GoI Schemes. Integrated watershed management programme taken up in 15,137 identified micro watershed areas. Utilization of ground water potential - 50-75% assistance to SC/ST farmers for tube-wells/pump sets. More than 2 lakh irrigation pumps energized. Promotion of precision farming (sprinkler & drip systems) - 30 to 40% state subsidy on micro irrigation systems - 80,000 ha. area covered during plan period.

Major State Initiatives

Stamp duty free on exchange of land among farmers for the purpose of consolidation.

Loan @ 3% per annum - crop loan as well as loan for dairy

and fisheries.

VAT exempted on Agriculture Implements. Assistance upto Rs. 50,000 per connection for energization of irrigation pumps.

Assistance upto Rs. 5,000 per well / tubewell for water recharge.

Free electricity upto 6000 units per annum per irrigation

pump upto 5 H.P.

Indigenous and useful crop/plant varieties & practices being adopted

Minor Millets crops like Ragi, Kodo & Kutki, etc of medicinal & nutritional importance are being cultivated with organic farming practices in tribal districts of Bastar Pleatue and Northern Hill Zone.

Under ATMA, 45 FIGs have been identified and mobilized with technical and financial assistance for promotion of traditionally grown Minor Millets.
For capacity building, intensive training programmes have been organized benefiting 950 farmers and provided revolving fund of Rs. 10,000/- to each group for value addition. Large scale demonstrations covering 19955 ha. area have been laid out during 2011-12.

106 exposure visits have also been organized.

Provided stall to FIGs to sale their organic products in various international / national Agri Expose organized in New Delhi, Mumbai and Nagpur etc.

Policy and Institutional Reforms required

States having less than national average irrigation potential should be given priority in sanction of centrally sponsored medium and minor irrigations schemes. MGNREGA action plan should aim at constructing farm ponds/dug wells in the fields of every small and marginal farmers. Central Government should consider subsidizing production of organic manure. The cost of energisation of irrigation pumps in the remote tribal areas is more than double as compared to normal areas. It is suggested that this may be treated as an agriculture related infrastructure and should be made eligible for funding under RKVY, particularly for the tribal sub-plan areas. The farm power availability in Chhattisgarh is 0.71 kw/ha which is about 1/3rd to the National average (as was 0.43 kw/ha against 1.23 kw/ha National average in the year 2000-01). So, to promote possessibility of adequate farm power sources among the farmers in the state, special assistance is necessary for purchase of tractors/power tillers.

Research and Extension Need

Chhattisgarh does not have any Central Research Centre. In view of the substantial area under rainfed farming, it would be ideal to setup a regional ICAR Centre on Rainfed Farming in Chhattisgarh. Priority should be given to evolve suitable production technology / crop variety for rainfed situation.

Rabi 2011-12 An assessment

Area Coverage :
Total area under Rabi / Summer crops estimated to be 17.10 lakh ha
which is 3 % higher over last year. Among cereals Rice, Wheat and Maize are major crops. Area under cereals have increased by 3 % over previous year. As per preliminary estimation Area under Pulses and Oilseeds has increased by 3 % and 1 % respectively.

Production :
Production of Summer rice estimated to be 6.52 lakh ton which is 2 %

higher over last year.

Estimated production of Pulses assessed to be 6.76 lakh ton which is 7 % higher over last year (6.32 lakh ton). Estimated production of Oilseeds assessed to be 1.54 lakh ton which is 3 % higher over last year (1.49 lakh ton).

Rabi 2011-12 - Assessment

Area (000 Ha.)
Crops 10-11 Wheat Summer Rice Total Cereals 168.55 170.67 368.12 324.08 380.24 147.96 852.28 11-12 (24.02.12) 170.00 175.00 380.00 345.00 382.00 153.00 880.00 % Increase / decrease 1 3 3 6 0 3 3

Production (000 MT)

10-11 215.91 640.52 894.59 341.26 231.19 59.79 632.24 11-12 (24.02.12) 234.60 651.88 936.59 369.15 240.66 65.73 675.54 % Increase / decrease 9 2 5 8 4 10 7

Gram
Lathyrus Other Pulses Total Pulses

Mustard
Linseed Other Oilseeds Total Oilseeds Other Crops Grand Total

154.35
81.54 37.17 273.06 167.38 1660.84

145.00
72.00 58.00 275.00 175.00 1710.00

-6
-12 56 1 5 3

81.96
33.35 33.69 149.00 0.00 1675.83

84.10
33.48 36.04 153.62 0.00 1836.25

3
0 7 3 0 10

Kharif Prospects 2012

No much scope for horizontal expansion hence thrust will be on crop diversification & increasing productivity. Target fixed for total Kharif cropped area 47.78 lakh ha which is slightly higher over previous year. Emphasis will be on increase in Area under Pulses, Oilseeds & Maize. Targetted area under pulses 4.08 lakh ha with 4 increase over last year. %

Proposed area under Oilseeds 3.53 lakh ha 3 % higher over previous year.
Targetted production : Lakh MT % Inc. over last year Rice 64.80 2% Maize Pulses Oilseeds 3.42 1% 2.12 6% 3.14 6% Total 73.81 2%

Kharif Prospects 2012

Area (000 Ha.) Production (000 MT) Kharif 2011 (Est.) 6362.77 337.52 30.02 6730.31 Kharif 2012 (Target) 6480.00 342.16 32.25 6854.41 % Increase / decrease 2 1 7 2

Crops

Kharif 2011 (Est.)

% Kharif 2012 Increase / (Target) decrease

Rice
Maize Minor Millets Total Cereals

3615.21
185.96 72.58 3873.75

3600.00
188.00 80.00 3868.00

0 1 10 0

Arhar
Urd + Moong Other Pulses Total Pulses Soybean Niger Other Oilseeds

142.47
204.78 54.84 393.09 151.25 87.12 104.80

150.00
208.00 50.00 408.00 152.00 90.00 110.50

5
2 -9 4 0 3 5

92.61
88.54 18.34 199.47 181.50 23.09 93.12

99.00
91.78 21.25 212.03 190.00 24.30 100.09

7
4 16 6 5 5 7

Total Oilseeds
Other Crops Grand Total

343.17
149.85 4759.86

352.50
150.00 4778.50

3
0 0

297.71
0.00 7227.50

314.39
0.00 7380.83

6
0 2

Gram Suraj Abhiyan

Gram Suraj Abhiyan

Gram Suraj Abhiyan - Input distribution by Agriculture Minister

Checkdam & Micro Minor Irrigation Tank (Rain water harvesting)

Demonstration

ARHAR

BUND FARMING ARHAR IN RICE FIELD

BUND FARMING TIL

PADDY LINE SOWING