Wastewater Treatment

CE 326 Principles of Environmental Engineering Prof. Tim Ellis Spring 2008

Wastewater generation
TABLE 1 Typical wastewater flowrates from various sources Flow, L/unit - d Source Airport Cabin, resort Cafeteria Unit Passenger Person Customer Employee Campground (developed) Cocktail lounge Coffee shop Dormitory, bunkhouse Person Seat Customer Person Range 8-15 30-190 4-11 30-45 75-150 45-95 15-30 75-190 Typical 11 150 8 38 115 75 23 150

Collection Systems
Separate sewers Combined sewers

Combined sewer overflows

Photo courtesy of Water Environment Federation Collection Systems Committee cMOM Subcommittee

Federal Water Pollution Control Legislation, US

Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972(Clean Water Act) Clean Water Act of 1977 Ocean Dumping Ban Act of 1988

Regulations

Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1956 Refuse Act of 1899

Water Quality Act of 1965

Water Pollution Control Act of 1948

Clean Water Restoration Act of 1966

Water Quality Act of 1987

Amendments to the FWPCA of 1961 Municipal Wastewater Treatment Construction Grant Amendments of 1981

Wastewater Treatment 2) Primary sedimentation 3) Biological Process: 4) Secondary 1) Preliminary Conversion to sedimentation Treatment settleable solids Influent

Process steps

5) Sludge solids to further treatment and disposal

5) Sludge solids to further treatment and disposal

Receiving water

Four levels of wastewater treatment

P_______________ Screens Grit removal P_______________ Solids settling S_______________ Biological treatment Settling of biological solids T______________ Filtration

Preliminary Treatment

Wastewater Treatment

Screens:

sticks, rocks, logs, shoes, dead animals, etc. grit causes undue wear downstream unit processes

Grit Removal:

Preliminary Treatment: Screens

Bar Screens Bar Racks

Preliminary Treatment: grit removal

Secondary Treatment

Biological treatment Classification of microorganisms by their c______ and e______ source.

Secondary Treatment

H________________
Utilize

organic matter to supply their carbon and energy needs. These are the predominant organisms in biological wastewater treatment plants, responsible for converting organic pollutants to

carbon dioxide, water, and additional heterotrophic biomass.

Secondary Treatment

A________________
get

and their carbon from carbon dioxide. An example of autotrophs in wastewater treatment is nitrifying bacteria. Nitrifiers use ammonia for energy and carbon dioxide for a carbon source. End products of nitrification are

their energy from an inorganic source

nitrate, water, and hydrogen ions additional nitrifying (autotrophic) biomass.

Biological Treatment

Classification of microorganisms by their t__________ e__________ a__________

Terminal electron acceptor

A___________:
microorganisms In

transfer electrons from the energy source to oxygen, O2. the process oxygen and organic matter is converted to carbon dioxide, CO2, and water, H2O. is termed the terminal electron acceptor or TEA.

Oxygen

Terminal electron acceptor

A___________:
microorganisms

utilize some other oxidized compound to accept electrons. In the case of denitrifying microorganisms, nitrate, NO3-, serves as the TEA, as nitrate is converted to nitrogen gas, N2

Terminal electron acceptor

A___________:
utilize

CO2 and organic compounds as terminal electron acceptors. In this process, organic compounds are converted to fermentation products and carbon dioxide. In anaerobic digestion of wastewater solids, the fermentation products are converted to

methane, CH4, and carbon dioxide

Terminal Electron Acceptor (TEA)

Examples:
Process Aerobic Aerobic Anoxic Anaerobic TEA O2 O2 NO3CO2 Predominant Reactions organic matter + O2 CO2 + H2O NH3 + O2 NO3organic matter + NO3- N2 + CO2 + H2O organic matter CH4 + CO2 + H2O Example CBOD removal nitrification denitrification anaerobic digestion