30307 Helen Park 30317 JK Kim 30325 Andrew Lee 30333 Seungho Lee

The first speaker

Introduction to the topic

Introduction
What are Logical Puzzles?
We chose this topic because we wanted to show you

that math is not a subject locked in numbers.

It doesnt require any hard formulas or high level of

knowledge. But, it is still challenging because we need to think about it over and over.

What are Logical Puzzles?

In fact, the ultimate, true reason why we learn math at

school is to increase our logical abilities. We believe that what we learn at school is, in some sense, useless. What we are going to teach you IS really useful! Thats why its called Logical puzzles!
Math is in our daily lives. These problems will improve

your thinking skills and creativity.

Second speaker
Example problems

The Handshaking mystery

A couple invited other 5 couples to their house Before having dinner, they shook hands with each

other (but not all of them shook hands)

When the owner of the house (male) asked the other

eleven how many times they shook hands with, the answer all varied
How many times did the owner himself shake hands

with?

Explanation
One person can shake his hand for 6 times max, and.

The people excluding himself all said different number so the handshake number will be 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. The person who shook his hand for 6 times will have been handshook everyone apart from his wife, so the wife had 0 handshakes so far. So the host had 1 so far, and his wife had 5 handshakes, who shook her hands apart from the one who didnt shake his hand at all.

Explanation
Then, the rest six guys would have had at least 2

handshakes. So, the spouse of the 5-handshook-guy had only one handshake with the guy who shook 6 times. So, the host had 3 in total, and his wife had 3 too. To rephrase, the host handshook with three guys who shook their hands 6, 5, 4 times, and he did not shake his hand with the guys who had 0, 1, 2, 3 handshakes.

Usage of the String

A potential dragon warrior, Chen, has to meet his Great Master, Zhou, otherwise he will not be able to get the great dragon power from him. As Zhou is always so accurate on time, he comes and goes exactly at 7:30. Now it is 7, but since China is very lagged behind at technologies, he does not have any sort of a clock. What he only has is a string from his Converse, which takes exactly an hour to burn, and hands that can generate flames.

Usage of the String

Unfortunately for him, the string has a very uneven thickness so one half burns in 5 minutes, and another half in 55. Then, how is he supposed to count 30 seconds? A piece of advice:

You have two hands, remem ber!!

The third speaker

A problem to try out yourself

The Gunshot of the Night

In Nashville, there are 50 inhabitants and they each

own a dog One year there was a serious epidemic spreading around the dogs They needed to kill the infected dog

But the problem was

1.
2. 3.

4.
5.

The owner cannot see whether his dog is infected or not, but he can see whether other dogs are infected or not No one can tell each other that the dog is infected (he should only know it with his own ability) The infected dog can be killed only by its owner, and the chance comes every night The number of the infected dogs is fixed (it cant be zero), but no one knows exactly how many there are Everyone can listen to the gunshot every night

HINT
If there is one infected dog, and it is mine, I would not

see any infected dogs.

Thus, on the first day, I would know that mine is

infected and kill it on the first night (Case Ended)

However, if I saw one dog infected but if that owner

did not kill his dog on the first day, It would imply that

Solution
1. if there is only one infected dog:

Solution
2. if there are two infected dogs:

Solution
3. if there are three infected dogs:

Solution
4. if there are four infected dogs:

Last Speaker
More Challenging Problem Sources Mastery of the topic/technique

Colors of Hats
The jailer puts three of the men sitting in a line. He gives all

three men party hats. The jailer explains that there are one white and two black hats, and each prisoner is wearing one of the hats. Each of the prisoners can only see the hats in front of them but not on themselves or behind. No communication between the prisoners is allowed. When the jailor asked the man sitting in the back, he didnt know the color of his hat. When he asked the man in the middle, he had no idea too. However, when he asked the man sitting in the front, he said he figured out the color of his hat. What color is his hat?

Pirates choice
There are 1000 gold coins on one boat with 5 pirates

(A,B,C,D,E) They have decided to each make a proposal one by one (starting from a to e)
If the proposal is agreed by MORE THAN HALF of the

people on the boat (including the proposer himself), it will be the one to be chosen. However, if the proposal is denied the proposer will be killed immediately.

Under the premise that every pirate has no feelings for

another and that they are all avaricious geniuses, How would the pirate A make the first proposal?

Explanation

If only D and E is left alive, E would absolutely reject Ds proposal and have all the coins to himself. Even if D offers to give all the gold coins to E, the cruel pirate would break down Ds frantic efforts to survive. No matter how D proposes, he would not be able to escape his death. Therefore, D would certainly approve Cs choice, and C would propose 1000 : 0 : 0. If there is B, C, D, E left, C would disapprove his proposal unconditionally. So, to gain the approval of D and E, he should give them two gold coins each. In other words, B would propose 998 : 0 : 1 : 1.

Explanation

Finally, to think from As point of view, B would refuse his proposal until he is promised more than 999 gold coins. Therefore he should gain the approval from the two other pirates.
Therefore, As proposal will be :

997 : 0 : 1 : 2 : 0 or 997 : 0 : 1 : 0 : 2.

Sources, Websites and fun videos

http://brainden.com/logic-puzzles.htmhttp://www.fol

j.com/folj.com/puzzles/ http://www.folj.com/folj.com/puzzles/ http://www.puzzlersparadise.com/page1034.html http://www.barcodesinc.com/articles/math-logicproblems.htm http://www.mathgoodies.com/lessons/toc_vol9.html http://perplexus.info/

Mastery of the topic/ technique

It is not that hard
However, there are three things you need top

remember:
Dont forget the details in the problem Various approaches to the solution (big to small, small

to big) Dont always try to solve the problem on the first try

You have to simply the problem and go step by step