INTEGRATED PLANT NUTRITION SYSTEM (IPNS)

ANIL SHARMA
GENERAL MANAGER MARKETING

NATIONAL FERTILIZERS LIMITED

Growth (%)
0.0
6th plan(8085) 7th plan(8590)

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

5.7 3.2

1.3
Annual (90-92)

8th plan(9297) 9th plan(9702) 10th plan(0207)

Agricultural Growth (%)

4.7 2.1 2.3

Fertilizer Consumption
Year
1950-51
1955-56 1965-66 1975-76 1985-86 1995-96 2005-06 2006-7(P)

N
55.0
107.5 574.8 2148.6 5660.8 9822.8 12723.3 13774.1

Consumption P2O5 K2O Total 000 tonnes Kg/ha

8.8
13.0 132.5 466.8 2005.2 2897.5 5203.7 5543.3

6.0
10.3 77.3 278.3 808.1 1155.8 2413.3 2334.8

69.8
130.8 784.6 2893.7 8474.1 13876.2 20340.3 21652.2

0.49
0.89 9.40 16.89 47.48 74.02 106.69 113.4

Fertilizer Imports
(million tonnes)

Year
1990-91 1995-96

Urea
3.8(21)

DAP
2.2(51) 1.5(29)

MOP
2.1 2.4

1990-00 2000-01 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08*

0.5(3) 2.1(7) 4.7(19) 7.0

3.3(48) 0.9(15) 2.4(36) 2.9(40) 3.0**

3.0 2.6 4.6 3.4 3.5

*=Estimated, **=Includes MAP, ( )= %age of total consumption

Increasing Fertilizer Subsidy

Year
1992-93 1995-96 1998-99 2000-01 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08
2008-09(estimated)

Total subsidy
(Rs billion)

61.36 67.35 113.87 138.00 118.47 158.79 184.60 259.52 305.01

1150

Declining Crop Response

Period 5th Plan(1974-79) Kg food grains per kg nutrients(NPK) 15.0

8th Plan(1992-79)
9th Plan(1997-02) 10th Plan(2002-07) 11th Plan(2007-12)

7.5
7.0 6.5 6.0

Nutrient Consumption Ratio

Year
1951-52
1961-62 1971-72

1981-82
1991-92 2000-01 2004-05 2006-07

N 7.9 8.9 6.0 6.0 6.0 7.0 5.7 5.9

P2O5 0.9 2.2 1.9 1.9 2.9 2.7 2.2 2.1

K2O 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

Ideal Ratio : 4.0 : 2.0 : 1.0

Soil Fertility Status of Indian Soils

Nutrient
Nitrogen Phosphorus Potassium Sulphur Magnesium Zinc Iron Boron

Soil fertility status

Low in 228 districts, medium 118 districts, high in 18 districts Low in 170 districts, medium 184 districts, high in 17 districts Low in 47 districts, medium 192 districts, high in 122 districts Deficiency in 100-120 districts Deficiency in Kerala, very acidic soils other southern states. 50 % of 150.000 soil sample found deficient. Upland calcareous soils for rice, groundnut & sugarcane found deficient Part of Bihar, Karnataka, West Bengal

Food-grain production Vs. Fertilizer use

Food-grains(Mt) Fertilizer use (Mt)

200 150 100 50 0 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2005 2006 2007

20 15 10 5 0

Year

Fertilizer use (Mt)

Foodgrains (Mt)

250

25

IPNS Concept
The basic concept of Integrated Plant Nutrition System (IPNS) is : The management of all available plant nutrients sources, both organic and inorganic,to provide optimum and sustainable crop production conditions within the prevailing farming system

Objectives
To improve soil productivity. To improve the stock of plant nutrients in the soil. To improve the efficiency of plant nutrients and limiting losses to environment. To improve the physical conditions of soils.

Approach
In IPNS an appropriate combination of mineral fertilizers, organic manures, crop residues, compost, N-fixing crops and Biofertilisers is used according to the local ecological conditions, land use system and the individual farmers social and economical conditions

Four Themes of IPNS

On-site resource generation
Off-site resource mobilization Resource integration Resource management

Why IPNS ?
Fertilizer use is inadequate, imbalanced, non integrated and poorly managed. Neither chemical fertilizers alone nor the organic sources exclusively can achieve the production sustainability under highly intensive cropping system. The interaction advantage of combined use of organics and inorganic have been well established. IPNS is helpful in arresting the emerging deficiency of nutrients other than N, P and K. Improve the physical, chemical and biological environment of soils and bring economy and efficiency in fertilizer use. IPNS concept is economic and environmental friendly.

Elements of IPNS
Natural resources
Soil supply, water supply, deposition by rains.

Organic nutrient sources

Crop residues Green manure Biofertilisers Organic matter Organic waste

Mineral Resources
Inorganic fertilizers

Sources of Nutrients
Component Fertilizers Main effect Concentrated source Other effects No micronutrients

Organic manure
Green manures

Less Nutrients
N-source from atmosphere Source of K

Crop residues

Biofertilisers

N-fixers & P solubilizers

Improve soil conditions. Crop competition w.r.t time and space Improves soil conditions Enzymes and vitamins are added

Organic Sources
Animal dung, Human excreta, plants residue and city compost. Organic sources requires decomposition for nutritional benefits. Organic sources are neither nutrient nor in concentrated form. C:N Ratio decides the availability. Organic nutrient potentials in India is about 17 million tones of NPK.

Chemical Composition of Organic Sources

Organic Source
FYM Poultry Human excreta City compost Wheat straw

Primary Nutrient (%)

N 1.0 1.9 1.6 1.5 0.6 P 0.5 1.9 0.5 0.5 0.1 K 0.9 1.6 0.5 1.0 1.6

Effect of FYM Use on Wheat Yield

100 % NPK 100 % NPK+LIME 100 % NPK+ FYM

Grain yield (q/ha)

40 30 20 10 0
1 5 15 25

5 years' moving average

Effect of FYM Use on Maize Yield

100 % NPK 100 % NPK+LIME 100 % NPK+ FYM

60
Grain yield (q/ha)

45 30 15 0
1 5 15 5 years' moving average 25

Long Term Experiment

Crop Season Yield (t ha-1)
Control 100% N 100% 100% NPK NPK+ FYM

Maize
Rice

Kharif
Rabi

1.1
1.0

2.6
1.8

3.6
2.6

4.7
3.4

Effect of balanced use of nutrients and INM on crop yield (t ha-1) after 25 years under long term fertility experiments at Hyderabad

Effect of long term application of FYM on soil Organic Carbon Content

Cropping system, Location, soil Initial SOC(%) SOC(%) after 20 years of cropping Control
Rice-rice, Bubaneswar, Rice-wheat, Pantnagar, Rice-wheat, Faizabad, Rice-wheat-jute, Barrackpore, Rice-wheat-cowpea, Pantnagar Maiz-wheat, Palampur, Fallow-rice-wheat, Karnal, Alkali soil Cotton-cotton, Nagpur, Cassava, Trivandrum, 0.27 1.48 0.37 0.71 1.48 0.79 0.23 0.41 0.70 0.41 0.50 0.19 0.42 0.60 0.62 0.30 --0.26

NPK
0.59 0.95 0.40 0.45 0.90 0.83 0.32 --0.60

NPK + FYM
0.79 1.51 0.50 0.52 1.44 1.20 0.35 0.55 0.98

Bio Fertilizers
Live preparations of microorganisms, alone or in combination, which increase crop productivity by way of helping in biological nitrogen fixation, solublization of insoluble plant nutrients, stimulating plant growth or decomposition of plant residues

Importance of Biofertilizers
Potential source of nutrients Cheap Environment friendly Required in less amount Easy in handling and application Give long term benefits

Biofertilizers
Nitrogen fixing Phosphate mobilizing

Symbiotic Nonsymbiotic
Rhizobium Azolla Azospirillum Azotobacter Acetobacter

Phosphate Solubilizer
Bacillus

Phosphate Absorber
Mycorrhiza

Pseudomonas Ecoto

BGA

Aspergillus
Penicillium

Endo
VAM

Fertilizer Equivalent of Organic and Biofertilisers

Component
Organic manure (FYM) Green manure Rhizobium Azotobactor Blue green algae Azolla Sugarcane trash Rice straw +water hyacinth

Input Level
Per tonne Per tonne Inoculants Inoculants 10 kg/ha 6-12 t/ha 5 t/ha 5 t/ha

Nutrient
3.5 kg N 50.60 kg N in paddy 19-22 kg N 20 kg N 20-30 kg N 3-4 kg N/t 12 kg N/t 29 kg N/t

Green Manuring
Practice of soil incorporation of any field or forage crop while green or soon after flowering for the purpose of soil improvement

Effect of Green Manure

Treatment Green matter N addition (q/ha) (kg/ha)

Dhaincha (control) Dhaincha (50% N)

Dhaincha (100% N) Greengram (control) Greengram (50 N) Greengram (100% N)

174.5 178.0
178.5 51.0 55.0 56.0

55.8 58.7
62.4 21.2 23.4 24.7

CROP RESIDUE
Crop residue, In general, are plant parts left in the field after harvesting/threshing of crops. Crop Residue includes Straw Chaff grains Roots Foliage

CROP RESIDUE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES

Residue Burning Incorporation Direct drilling in surface residues (Mulching) Residue removing/ composting/ cattle feed Residue removing for industrial uses

Effect of Wheat crop residue on Rice

Treatment
Incorporation Burning Removal CD (0.05)

Grain yield (t/ha) 5.14

4.78 4.70 0.26

Straw yield (t/ha) 6.30

6.06 6.03 0.23
Sharma (1998)

Nutrient Availability Projections From Organic Resources

Resource 2005 2010 2025
Nutrients in mt (N+P+K) Human excreta Livestock dung Crop residues 2.0 6.64 6.21 2.24 7.0 7.10 2.60 7.54 10.27

Conclusion
In view of the advantages, it is highly desired to promote balanced, efficient and environmentally sound Integrated Plant nutrient system employing both organic and inorganic sources of nutrients and bio-cultures at the farm and community level.