Kelompok 5 Anggi P.

130201101410xx Yusuf Nurhamdi 130201101411xx Adkha Iriani 13020110141121

 Synonymy

is the relationship between two words that have the same sense. This is a strict definition of synonymy the identity of sense. Sometimes synonymy is defined as similarity of meaning.

Examples :
The

thief tried to CONCEAL / HIDE the evidence. I am going to PURCHASE / BUY a new coat. You have my PROFOUND / DEEP sympathy. It is a very WIDE / BROAD street.

Synonymy and sense are interdependent. Sometimes the words have same sense but they do differ in their dialectal, stylistic, or social associatin. Examples :
a. b. c.

He comes to see us every AUTUMN / FALL. Nothing is more precious to us than our FREEDOM / LIBERTY. The body was found in the BOOT / TRUNK of the car.

 Deep/profound

You have my deep / profound sympathy. The lake is deep / profound. Wide/broad She speaks with a very wide / broad Scottish accent. The river is very broad / wide at this point
Most

often, synonyms share at least one meaning, while with the change of context, they both change their meaning, and lose their referential identity with the other member of the pair.

A similar relationship can be found at the sentence level, where a synonymous sentence is actually a paraphrase: John is the parent of James. James is the child of John
A paraphrase is to a sentence what a synonym is to a lexeme

 Hyponymy

is a sense relation between lexemes such that the meaning of one lexeme is included in the meaning of the other. Symmetrical Hyponymy

plant

flowers

trees

weeds

rose

carnation

 Entailment

is the relationship between two sentences where the truth of one (X) requires the truth of the other (Y). A sentence expressing proposition X entails a sentence expressing proposition Y if the truth of Y follows necessarily from the truth of X. Examples : John killed Bill (X) entails Bill died (Y).
It is not possible to think of any circumstances in which sentence X is true and sentence Y is false.
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 Two

sentence may be said to be Paraprhases of each other if and if they have exactly the same set of Entailments or which come to the same thing, if and only if mutually entail each other so that whenever one is true the other must also be true. The relationship between entailment and paraphrase is parallel to the relationship between hyponymy and synonymy, as you will have noticed. Paraphrase is symmetric entailment.

BINARY ANTONYMY CONVERSENESS GRADABLE ANTONYMS CONTRADICTION

Binary antonyms come in pairs and between them exhaust all the relevant possibilities. If one is applicable, the other cannot be, and vice versa. true false dead alive married unmarried same different

Male
Adult
Non-Adult

Female
Woman
Girl

Man
Boy

If a lexeme describes a relationship between two things (or people) and some other lexeme describes the same relationship when the two things are mentioned in the opposite order, then the two lexemes are CONVERSES of each other Exercise: Are the following pairs of expressions converses? 1. below above 2. grandparent grandchild 3. love hate 4. conceal reveal 5. greater than less than 6. own belong to