Information & Communication Technology

Hajiya Asha Muzu Director Prof. Iya Abubakar Community Resource Centre, Bauchi

Information & Communication Technology

Information and communications technology or information and communication technology, usually abbreviated as ICT, is often used as an extended synonym for Information Technology (IT):
According to Wikipedia The term ICT is now also used to refer to the merging of audio-visual and telephone networks with Computer networks through a single cabling or link system. NOUN defines it as :Information and Communication Technology (IT) is technology that supports activities involving the creation, storage, manipulation and communication of information, together with the related methods, management and application

What it entails
In other words, ICT enables us to record, store, process, retrieve, and transmit information. It encompasses modern technologies such as computers, telecommunications, facsimile and microelectronics.

1. 2. 3. 4.

Information Quality Information Accessibility, Information Presentation, Information Security,

Accuracy Precision Age Source Availability Admissibility

Computers are useful devices for processing data and helping to assign meaning to them. This makes computer an important tool in information processing.

Sharing Knowledge Increasing Productivity Overcoming Geography Openness

1. What you require the computer to do, 2. How the computer can best do it, 3. Whether the benefits are worth the costs, 4. Whether those involved are ready, willing and able to work with the Computer.

THE DESKTOP THE LAPTOP THE NOTEBOOK THE PALMTOP THE TOWER CASE THE MINI TOWER CASE

1. Hardware:- The physical components. 2. Software:- The non-physical components. 3. Peopleware:- The people whose job is working with computers.

They are those hardware that are used to send data or signal into the computer system. Common examples include: Mouse, Joystick, Keyboard, Track balls Light pen Touch screen Scanner Bar code reader, etc.

These are hardware used for processing data into useful form. Common examples are: Central processing unit (CPU), and Memory
Measurement of Memory: Byte: one character (letter, number space or punctuation mark) Kilobyte (k): one thousand bytes = 210 = 1,024 bytes Megabyte (MB, Meg. or M): one million bytes = 1,048, 576 bytes Gigabyte (GB): one billion bytes = 1,073,741,824 bytes. 1024 Gigabyte = 1 Terabyte 1024 Terabyte = 1 Petabyte 1024 Petabyte = 1 Exabyte

Central processing unit

These are hardware that are used to permanently store data. Memory is volatile and can only hold data when it is powered as soon as power is cut off, it loses its data. The need for permanent storage devices therefore rises. Common storage devices available today include: Hard disk drive, Optical Disk Drive, Flash Drive, Magnetic Tape, Online Repositories, Floppy Diskette(is becoming obsolete), Memory Card, Zip Drive, Etc.

These are hardware used to produce outputs either vocal(sound), soft(digital) or hard(on paper) form. Common output devices are: VDU (monitors), Printers, Projectors, Speakers, Modem, Etc.

The basic objectives of establishing a network are: Connectivity: to permit various hardware and software products to be connected and communicate with each other in a seamless way. Simplicity: to permit easy installation and operation of all network components. Modularity: to enable building of wide variety of network devices from a relatively small set of mass-produced building blocks. Reliability: to permit error free transmission of by providing appropriate error detection and correction capabilities. Flexibility: to permit the network to evolve as new need arises or new technologies become available. Diversity: to diversify network services that can be easily used yet isolate users from the technical details of network structure and implementation.

This is the channel in which data travel within computer networks. Basically, there is wired and wireless. The wired includes: Twisted-Pair Wire, Coaxial Cable, Fibre-Optic Cable, Etc.

Application Programs, Share Data File, Share Peripheral Device/Hardware, Easy Back Up, And even cloud computing.

Basically, there are:Local Area Network (LAN) Wide Area Networks (WAN)

A global network of computers known as INTERnational NETwork of computers

Benefits of the Internet: Speed/Time Saving, Breadth/Reach, Cost Saving, Two-way Communication, Trading,

Electronic Mail (e-mail), The World Wide Web (WWW), File Transfer Protocol (ftp), Newsgroups, Telnet, Internet Conference, Internet Telephony, Internet Fax, Gopher, Internet Relay Chat (IRC)

To be connected to the Internet and partake of the numerous services offered on it, the basic requirements are as follows: 1. A computer 2. A telephone line, VSAT connection, 3. A modem 4. An Internet service provider 5. A communication software

Thank you