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Taxonomy of Psychomotor Domain of Learning

Menard Bautista RXT, RRT

Objectives
Define skills Determine the different levels in the psychomotor domain Explain how skills are acquired and transferred

References
Gagne R. 1985. The condition of learning. New York: Holy, Rinehart and Winston Klausmeier, H. J. and R. E Ripple 1971.Leraning Human Abilities Clark, D. (2009). Bloom's Taxonomy of Learning Domains - The Three Types of Learning. Retrieved 28th September, 2009 Sana E. A. Teaching and Learning in

Definition of Skill

A skill is a type of work or activity which requires special training and knowledge

Skill is the knowledge and ability that enables a person to do something well.
Collins Cobuild

Gardner's theory
Different abilities can be developed independently Theory of Multiple Intelligence. Intelligence is the capacity to solve problems

Brualdy 1996

Theory of Multiple Intelligence


1.

2.
3. 4. 5. 6.

7.

Logical-mathematical Linguistic Spatial Musical Bodily kinesthethic Interpersonal Personal

Three Main Groups of Skills


Object motor
-Behaviors that consist in manipulating objects or performing a procedure

Language motor
-Activities or behavior concerned with communication

Feeling motor
-Concerned with feelings through movement.
Klausmeier and Ripple 1971

Psychomotor Domain
The psychomotor domain includes physical movement, coordination, and use of the motor-skill areas. Development of these skills requires practice and is measured in terms of speed, precision, distance, procedures, or techniques in execution. The seven major categories in Simpson's psychomotor domain are listed from the simplest behavior to the most complex: (Simpson, 1972)

Taxonomy of Psychomotor Domain of Learning

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Perception

The learner uses sensory cues to guide motor activity. This ranges from sensory stimulation, through cue selection, to translation.

Set
Readiness to act. It includes mental, physical, and emotional sets. (sometimes called mindsets)

Guided Responce
The early stages in learning a complex skill that includes imitation and trial and error. Adequacy of performance is achieved by practicing.

This is the intermediate stage in learning a complex skill. Learned responses have become habitual and the movements can be performed with some confidence and proficiency

Mechanism

Complex Overt Responce


The skillful motor acts that involve complex movement patterns. This category includes performing without hesitation, and automatic performance.

Adaptation
Skills are well developed and the individual can modify movement patterns to fit special requirements or respond to specific problem situations

Origination
Creating new movement patterns to fit a particular situation or specific problem. Learning outcomes emphasize creativity based upon highly developed skills.

l e v e l

category or level

description

examples of activity or evidence to be measured

key words

Perception

awareness

use and/or selection of senses to absorb data for guiding movement

recognize, distinguish, notice, touch , hear, feel, etc

Set

readiness

mental, physical or emotional preparation before experience or task

arrange, prepare, get set

Guided Response

attempt

imitate or follow instruction, trial and error

imitate, copy, follow, try

4 Mechanism

competently basic proficiency respond to stimulus for action

make, perform, shape, complete

Complex Overt Response

expert proficiency

execute a complex process with expertise

coordinate, fix, demonstrate

6 Adaptation

adaptable proficiency

alter response to reliably meet varying challenges

adjust, integrate, solve

7 Origination

creative proficiency

develop and execute new integrated responses and activities

design, formulate, modify, re-design, trouble-shoot

DOES SHOWS HOW

Framework for clinical assessment Miller (1990)

KNOWS HOW

KNOWS

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