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Earth has a limited amount of water So, it has to be recycled The WATER CYCLE is made up of 5 processes
Evaporation/transpiration- water vapor entering the atmosphere (from large bodies or water or plants Whats the difference? Condensation- when air cools down, it cant hold all the moisture so it forms liquid drops on surfaces Precipitation- when water droplets get too large and fall out of clouds back to the Earth Infiltration- water that goes into the ground Runoff- water that flows back to the oceans over the land
Our Water
Where is most of our water? Only 3% is fresh (USABLE) water Where is most of that found? Only 1% of the Earths water has
utilizable, fresh, groundwater
Groundwater
Makes up 33% of freshwater Found underground Gravity pulls water toward the center of
the Earth If water fills all the spaces in the rock it is called the ZONE OF SATURATION Area above the zone of saturation is where there isnt any water and is called the ZONE OF AERATION Layer in between is the WATER TABLE Aquifer- a layer of rock that is saturated with water
Storage and Movement 1. Porosity- how much water soil can hold
Amount of space between particles NOT on size of pores
Depends on:
Shape- More round = more porous Packing- Less compact = more porous Sorting- More sorted = more porous
p. 221-222
The smaller the tube, the more it goes up Important for __. p. 222
11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29.
2- Evaporation 4- Winds 4 3 3- ESRT p. 1 2 3 2 3 1- Same porosity. Faster Permeability. 1- Capillarity increases as size decreases. 4- ESRT p. 6 4 WRONG- 5. NYC gets its water from upstate. 1 3- ? 1 2 3- Then, there will be more groundwater on top!
Traveling Energy
Convection
What moves the heat? What convection cells cause?
Conduction
What moves the heat? What is an example?
Radiation
What is an example? (The most important example!) Why is radiation important? What is one of the only ways that humans realize that radiation reaches the Earth?
Insolation
What is it? It is NOT the stuff they put in walls!
(Write this down!!!) It is an acronym
INcoming SOLar radiATION
1. Angle of Insolation
p. 230 2 cycles:
Daily Yearly
1. Angle of Insolation
Daily Cycle
Highest in the sky at APPARENT SOLAR NOON No matter the time on the clock, it is when the sun is at its Time lag Warmest at about 2pm
highest point. In other words, Daylight Savings Time doesnt matter!
Yearly
Highest in the sky for us in the Northern Hemisphere on June 21st (Summer Solstice) YES, YOU HAVE TO KNOW THIS DATE! The sun shines directly at 23 o North on this day This causes the seasons- NOT our distance from the sun We are actually furthest from the sun in July! Time lag Warmest in July
1. Angle of Insolation
2- Duration of Insolation
The time from sunrise to sunset The longer that the sun shines on something, the
warmer it gets It is warmest in the summer because the sun shines on us for the longest amount of time
It rises earlier and sets later
There are some times of year when one of the poles will get 24 hours of light. But, why doesnt it get warm?
3- Type of Surface
Light will either reflect or absorb A good absorber is a good radiator A poor absorber is a poor radiator
Absorption and Reflection of Insolation by the Atmosphere The Earth will absorb most
of the energy that reaches it
It is mostly in the form of?
So, most of what is left is the visible light Open your book to p. 231
Greenhouse Effect
1. Latitude 2. Altitude
3. Mountains 4. Water