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Session 5 The Social Determinants of Health Session 6 What is Community Social Work? Session 7 What skills are required for Community Social Work? Session 8 Values, Skills
Session One
Question. How can social workers avoid becoming a bureaucrat or a glorified administrator?
Questions
1. Which community do you come from?
3. From your experience or knowledge can you identify any examples of community social work?
Session Two
Community
The term community describes the nature of a particular series
of connections between
individuals which bind them together into a coherent group. The coherency of the group will depend on the number and strength of these connections between individuals.
CommonPurpose
Consistency of interaction/contact Common/shared values, beliefs, outlook Common perception of experience Interactive networks of relationships
Welcoming
Empathetic Positive Empowering Caring
Forgiving
Enabling
Session Three
4. Macro Context A key date sheet for Social Work history in Britain provides a short overview of the history of social work and community development issues. Paternalism/Populism 18001850 - Victorian Self Help, Laissez-faire doctrine, Poor Law and Workhouses. 1869 - Charities Organisation Society 1869 led to the setting up of Almoners, as the first social workers. 1893 - Settlement movement 1893 - middle class involvement in social work and community work.
1915 - Glasgow rent strike, working class action. Church of England, 1900, reforms end evangelical trend in the Church. 1918 - Suffragettes, led to votes for women 1918. 1914 - 1918 First World War a land for heroes 1930s - The Great Depression 1939 -1945 - Second World War 1945 - Labour win a landslide victory, a new consensus and welfare state established 1948
Crisis Management 1950s Expanding economy, Local councils of Social Services established Community Centres and community workers established in new and expanding council estates 1960s Poverty rediscovered
Technocractic Management 1968 Riots, Vietnam protests, CND, Civil Rights Movements, Northern Ireland Conflict
1970 Urban Programme established, 4,000 projects supported, The rise of radical social work. 1975 Community Development Projects broke with pluralist concerns, criticised capitalism as the source of poverty, Home Office withdrew funding
1979 Thatcher Government elected, Welfare State criticised and dismantled
Managerialism/Social Development 1982 Barclay Report supported community social work, just as the tide turned against this idea
Griffiths Report on Community Care promoted better support for carers and a self help ideology.
1990s Contract culture promoted in H&SS, renewed interest in community development approaches
2000 Community social work and rhetoric assimilated by management and Community Development mainstreamed
Session Four
Policy Context
Policy Context
1. The Review of Public Administration in N Ireland 2003 - integration - local government 2. Investing for Health 2002 Partnerships in Health
N.I. Act
5. HPSS Regional Strategy to 2005 2025 A new DHSS 20 year strategy published December (04)
6. SHSSB Community Development Strategy 2000 CD Teams in SHSSB. All Trusts in SHSSB have CD policies. Other Boards and Trusts have a range of interest in community development.
7. Current HPSS Funding cuts and efficiency savings. EU funding cuts. Voluntary and Community Sector squeezed in the middle.
Government Policy
The Department of Health and Social Services is committed to promoting a community development approach which is linked to community social work. The broad goals include, amongst others: tackling social exclusion; promoting the principles of social justice in all policies and strategies for health and wellbeing; tackling inequalities in health and wellbeing and their root causes; creating healthy environments; partnership with the voluntary and community sector; promoting volunteering.
Session Five
Those further down the social ladder experience more disease and shorter lives than those near the top.
Poor social and economic circumstances affect health and social wellbeing throughout life. Stress, anxiety, low self-esteem, social isolation have a negative effect on health and social wellbeing. The foundations of health are laid in early childhood. Poverty and social exclusion also results from racism and sectarianism, discrimination and exclusion.
If Inequalities in Social Wellbeing are to be Reduced it Will be Essential to: Have policies to achieve general health improvement and have a greater impact on the less well off. That is those in those in terms of socioeconomic status, gender or ethnicity, less well off in terms of health or its principal determinants such as income, education, employment or the material environment. A well intentioned policy which improves average health and social wellbeing may have no effect on inequalities. It may even widen them by having a greater effect on the better off, eg immunisation, cervical screening, smoking taken up by the middle classes. The mortality rate between (professional class I) and (unskilled class 5) which is nearly twice as high for class 5.
This increases the risk of mental illness, disability, addiction and social isolation. Social support is very important to good health as people feel cared for, loved, esteemed and valued. This has a powerful protective effect on health and wellbeing. High levels of mutual support protect health while low levels have a corrosive effect.
Session Six
it challenges discrimination by race, disability, age, religion, gender and sexual orientation
it is about people working together for service user led, democratic action
it encourages people to learn skills and knowledge and develop self esteem and confidence through taking action
action can range from individual self help to lobbying and campaigning.
Within Health and Social Services the Purpose of Community Social Work is to Assist People to: obtain better access to information on health
improvements .
The Community Social Work Process can be applied to many different settings. Relevant to a health and social setting where a broad and holistic definition of health and wellbeing is applied It can operate at the following levels: Within communities, developing
and organisations such as health and local authorities, and local communities particularly in the planning and delivery of services.
Session Seven
Group Work Identify the skills required for community social workers
Question
Can you identify what skills are required for Community Social Workers? How would you apply these skills?
Session Eight
Anti-oppressive practice.
Respect for the individual/group
Confidentiality limitations.
Skills Needed
research
information skills
analytical skills
interpersonal skills
motivational skills
knowledge of organisational
Departments operate
management skills
lobbying skills
knowledge of relevant legislation knowledge and skills in working
Session Nine
Session Ten
The role of the Voluntary/Community Sector
services which would not otherwise be provided by the state. Make a unique contribution to health and social wellbeing. Promote social welfare in targeting health and social need to socially excluded individuals, groups and communities. Eg, a C.A.B: 66% of users had no educational qualifications and almost half were on low income. Value base derived from user involvement and participation. Voluntary led services promote social and emotional wellbeing which may well mitigate the need for referrals to statutory agencies. Working in partnership between voluntary/community organisations and Health and Social Services is vitally important.
Session Eleven
Entry: getting to know the person or group you are working with
Build up contacts and trust and clarify your role Identify formal or informal networks and structures Work with the person or group to help them identify main concerns/ problems/areas of common interest Help them identify what needs to change Collectivise involvement, participation and commitment within the persons network or community or group Clarify openings and resistances to change Help the person or group develop tactics and plans to bring about change, by building an opening and tackling or bypassing resistance Take action as appropriate Evaluate Continue the process
Session Twelve
Current Issues
Macro Level Working within a conflict/post conflict society The role of the Northern Ireland Assembly? Equality Agenda Human Rights Agenda The Review of Public Administration and Local Government
The restructuring of downsizing Health and Social Services managerialism vsocial development
Down sizing the statutory and voluntary sectors (too many organizations doing similar things) Funding cuts & efficiency savings
Current Issues
Micro Level Mainstreaming community development and community social work in HPSS
Community Development Policy in Trusts and Boards Not joined up across all the HPSS Resources? Scarce Role of voluntary and community sector as partners or adversaries, do we use and abuse them?
Session Thirteen
Case Studies
What would you do? What are the issues? What are the potential problems? How would you handle these?
Case Study 4
You are a social worker in a Centre providing services for a group with learning difficulties The group wants a stronger voice in how the Programme of the Centre is organised However, the manager and staff are resisting this proposal What would you do?