BY:Kriti Gupta Manish Kumar Mannat Kaur Mayanka Singhal Mehak Ahuja

DSS are computer based information systems that provide interactive information support to managers and business professionals during decision making process.

Decision Characteristics
Unstructured Strategic Management

Semi-structured

Tactical Management

Structured

Operational Management

The early MIS focused on providing managers with structured, periodic reports and the information was primarily from accounting and transaction processing systems, but the systems didnt provide attractive support to assist managers in decision making. Since MIS primarily focused on structured decisions, it was suggested that the supporting information systems for semi-structured decisions and unstructured decisions should be termed as DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS.

DSS provide support for decision makers mainly in semi structured and unstructured situations by bringing together human judgment and computerized information. Support is provided for various managerial levels. Support is provided to individuals as well as to groups. Less structured problems often require the involvement of several individuals from different departments and organizational levels. DSS provide support to several interdependent and/or sequential decisions. DSS support all phases of the decision making process: intelligence, design, choice and implementation. User friendliness, strong graphical capabilities, and an English like interactive human machine interface can greatly influence the effectiveness of DSS.

DSS attempt to improve the effectiveness of decision making (accuracy, timeliness. Quality) rather than its efficiency (the cost of making decisions). The decision maker has complete control over all steps of the decision making process in solving a problem. A DSS specifically aims to support and not to replace the decision maker. A DSS usually utilizes models for analysing decision making situations. The modeling capability enables experimenting with different strategies under different configurations.

Web browse r

Legacy software

Other software

User interface functions(3-D visualization)

Model management functions (analytical modeling, statistical analysis)

Data management functions(Data extraction, Data validation, Data sanitation, Data integration, Data manipulation)

MARKET DATA

SALES DATA

USER DATA

CUSTOME R ACCOUNT DATA

What if analysis

Sensitivi ty analysis

DSS
Goal seeking analysis

Optimisatio n analysis

What if analysis
Sensitivity analysis

What will happen to the output if the value of variable is changed ?

How sensitive the model is changed to the repeated changes in one variable?

Goal seeking analysis

Optimization analysis

Target is set & change in variable is done accordingly.

Optimization of resources is done.

DOCUMENT DRIVEN DSS

TARGET-Towards a group of users PURPOSE-To search web pages and final documents on a specific set of keywords or search teams TECHNOLOGY-Web or client server

KNOWLEDGE DRIVEN DSS

TARGET-Managers & staff members of a business or people who interact with the organization PURPOSE-To help analyze decision or choose between different options. TECHNOLOGY-Software/hardware on a stand alone PCs,client server systems

Communication driven DSS TARGET-It is targeted towards internal teams PURPOSE-Helps in conducting a meeting, or helps users to collaborate EXAMPLE- Chats, instant messaging, net meeting system

DATA DRIVEN DSS

TARGET- Managers, staff, product/service suppliers PURPOSE-Help manager to take decision with the help of extraction of large database. EXAMPLE-Data driven technique to determine the buying behavior of customers

MODEL DRIVEN DSS

TARGET-Managers &staff members of a business PURPOSE-Helps in pattern identification with help of scientific modelling techniques. EXAMPLE-Used to forecast future sales demand.

Knowledge Management System (KM System) refers to a system for managing knowledge in organizations for supporting creation, capture, storage and dissemination of information. The idea of a KM system is to enable employees to have ready access to the organization's documented base of facts, sources of information, and solutions.

Purpose: A KMS will have an explicit Knowledge Management objective of some type such as collaboration, sharing etc. Context: One perspective on KMS would see knowledge is information that is meaningfully organized, accumulated and embedded in a context of creation and application. Processes: It helps in creation, construction, identification, capturing, acquisition, selection, valuation, organization, linking, structuring, formalization, visualization, transfer, distribution, retention, maintenance, refinement, revision, evolution, accessing, retrieval and last but not least the application of knowledge.

Participants: Users can play the roles of active, involved participants in knowledge networks and communities fostered by KMS. Instruments: KMS support KM instruments, e.g., the capture, creation and sharing of the codifiable aspects of experience, the creation of corporate knowledge directories, expertise locators and the creation and fostering of communities or knowledge networks.

Sharing of valuable organizational information throughout organizational hierarchy. Reducing redundant work. May reduce training time for new employees Retention of Intellectual Property after the employee leaves if such knowledge can be codified. Time management

The branch of computer science concerned with making computers behave like humans. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a set of software tools that enables computers to think like humans to solve problems. Artificial Intelligence allows computers to learn from experience, recognize patterns in large amount of complex data and make complex decisions based on human knowledge and reasoning skills.

Control Systems : Control systems are an integral part of our daily life. Heater and air conditioners in our homes maintain temperature within our comfort zones. Games Playing : Programming computers to play games such as chess. Expert Systems : Programming computers to make decisions in real-life situations. Natural Language : Programming computers to understand natural human languages. Neural Networks : Systems that simulate intelligence by attempting to reproduce the types of physical connections that occur in animal brains.

A computer application that performs a task that would otherwise be performed by a human expert. For example, there are expert systems that can diagnose human illnesses. Some expert systems are designed to take the place of human experts, while others are designed to aid them. Expert systems are part of a general category of computer applications known as artificial intelligence. To design an expert system, one needs a knowledge engineer, an individual who studies how human experts make decisions and translates the rules into terms that a computer can understand.