Leadership

Defining Leadership

Leadership is the art or process of influencing people so that they will strive willingly and enthusiastically toward the achievement of group goals.

Ingredients of Leadership
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Power A fundamental understanding of people The ability to inspire followers to apply their full capabilities The leaders style and the development of a conducive organizational climate
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Fundamental Principle of Leadership

Since people tend to follow those who, in their view, offer them a means of satisfying their personal goals, the more managers understand what motivates their subordinates and how these motivators operate, and the more they reflect this understanding in carrying out their managerial actions, the more effective they are likely to be as leaders.
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Trait and Charismatic Approaches to Leadership

Attempt to identify leadership traits Great Man theory assumes that leaders are born and not made Lost much of its acceptability has limitations Robert House suggests that charismatic leaders have certain characteristics, such as self confidence, strong conviction, articulating a vision, being able to initiate change, communicating high expectations etc.

Leadership Styles Based on Use of Authority

The autocratic leader commands and expects compliance, is dogmatic and positive, and leads by the ability to withhold or give rewards and punishment. The democratic, or participative, leader consults with subordinates and encourages their participation. The free-rein leader uses power very little, if at all, giving subordinates a high degree of independence.

Flow of Influence with Three Leadership Styles

The Managerial Grid

The grid has two dimensions:

1. concern for people 2. concern for production.

Leadership as a Continuum

Leadership continuum conceptualizes leadership as involving a variety of styles, ranging from one that is highly boss-centered to one that is highly subordinate-centered.

Continuum of Manager-Nonmanager Behavior

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Fiedler's Contingency Approach to Leadership

People become leaders not only because of their personality attributes but also because of various situational factors and the interactions between leaders and group members.

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Fiedlers Model of Leadership

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Critical Dimensions of the Leadership Situation (Fiedler)

Position power Task structure

Leader-member relations

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The Path-Goal Approach to Leadership Effectiveness

The main function of the leader is to clarify and set goals with subordinates, help them find the best path for achieving the goals, and remove obstacles.

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Approach to Leadership Effectiveness

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Transactional and Transformational Leadership

Transactional leaders identify what subordinates need to do to achieve objectives, clarify organizational roles and tasks, set up an organization structure, reward performance, and provide for the social needs of their followers. Transformational leaders articulate a vision and inspire followers. They have the capacity to motivate, shape the organization culture, and create a climate favorable for organizational change.
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