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IP Telephony
Cisco Public
IP Telephony
Cisco Public
Trunks PSTN
WAN
Call processing for small to medium sized deployments VoIP integrated solution Up to 120 IP phones IOS based solution
IP Telephony 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Cisco Public
2600XM
3700
1700
IP Telephony
Cisco Public
PSTN
IP Telephony
Cisco Public
WAN
H.323 SIP
WAN
PSTN Gateway and IP to IP Gateway functionality
PSTN
PSTN
IP Telephony 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Cisco Public
IP Telephony
Cisco Public
IP Telephony
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IP Telephony
Cisco Public
What Is a PBX?
IP Telephony
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IP Telephony
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IP Telephony
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IP Telephony
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Nyquist Theorem
IP Telephony
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Quantization
IP Telephony
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Quantization Techniques
Linear
Uniform quantization
Logarithmic quantization
Compands the signal Provides a more uniform signal-to-noise ratio
Two methods
-law (most countries) -law (Canada, U.S., and Japan)
IP Telephony
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Voice-Compression Techniques
Waveform algorithms
PCM ADPCM
Source algorithms
LDCELP CS-ACELP
IP Telephony
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ADPCM
Waveform coding scheme Adaptive: automatic companding Differential: encode changes between samples only
ITU standards:
G.711 rate: 64 kbps = (2 x 4 kHz) x 8 bits/sample G.726 rate: 32 kbps = (2 x 4 kHz) x 4 bits/sample G.726 rate: 24 kbps = (2 x 4 kHz) x 3 bits/sample G.726 rate: 16 kbps = (2 x 4 kHz) x 2 bits/sample
IP Telephony 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
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High-quality voice at low bit rates, processor intensive G.728: LDCELP16 kbps G.729: CS-ACELP8 kbps
G.729A variant8 kbps, less processor intensive, allows more voice channels encoded per DSP Annex-B variant VAD and CNG
IP Telephony
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IP Telephony
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IP Telephony
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IP Telephony
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RTP header compression saves bandwidth by compressing packet headers across WAN links
Cisco Public
IP Telephony
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Narrowband links Slow links (less than 2 Mbps) Need to conserve bandwidth on a WAN interface
IP Telephony 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
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IP Telephony
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IP Telephony
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IP Telephony
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IP Telephony
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IP Telephony
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IP Telephony
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Effect of VAD
IP Telephony
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IP Telephony
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Skinny
Skinny
Analog Phones
IP Telephony
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IP Telephony
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IP Telephony
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CME
PSTN
X X
Remote Phones
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IP Telephony
IP Telephony
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CallManager Cluster
Vmail
H.323
CME
Recommended
IP Telephony 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
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WAN
Register Register
1000 2095551000
Register Extension number and/or E.164 number
Gatekeeper
2000 3095552000
Register Extension number and/or E.164 number
IP Telephony
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IP Telephony
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CallManager Cluster
Vmail
SIP
CME
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IP Telephony
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IP Telephony
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Not Supported:
TAPI based softphone Multiple-user or multiple-call handling (Required for ACD) Direct media- and voice-handling JTAPI
IP Telephony 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
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IP Telephony
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Auxiliary VLANs
Prevent unnecessary IP address renumbering Simplifies Quality of Service (QoS) configurations Separates Voice and Data traffic Requires two Virtual Local Area Networks (VLANs) one for Data and one for Voice Requires only one drop down Ethernet for the CallManager Express IP phone and the PC plugged into the phone
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Recommended
171.68.249.101
Public IP addresses
IP Phone uses private Network IP Phone + PC on separate switch ports 10.1.1.1 171.68.249.100
Public IP addresses
IP Telephony 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
IP Telephony
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Address learning
Forward/filter decision
Loop avoidance
IP Telephony 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
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802.1q trunking is enabled on the port The access VLAN is used for the PC plugged into the IP phone The voice VLAN is used for voice and signaling that originates and terminates on the IP phone Spanning tree portfast enables the port to initialize quickly
IP Telephony 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
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802.1q trunk
Trunk on a router
interface fastethernet 1/0.1
encapsulation dot1q 10
ip address 10.10.0.1 255.255.255.0
VLAN 10
VLAN 20
...
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IP Telephony
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IP phone send DHCP Discover broadcast requesting an IP address DHCP server selects a free IP address from the pool and sends along with the other scope parameters as a DHCP Offer
The IP phone initializes applies the IP configuration to the IP stack The IP phone requests it configuration file from the TFTP server
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Defines the range of addresses that will be used to assign to DHCP clients
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IP Telephony
default-router IP-address
Sets the default gateway that will handed out to the DCHP clients
CMERouter(dhcp-config)#
Sets the DNS server(s) that will assigned to the DHCP clients
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Option 150 sets the TFTP server on the IP phone The TFTP server contains the configuration files and firmware for the IP phone
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IP Phone Registration
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Files
Files critical to the IP phone
Firmware SEPAAAABBBBCCCC.cnf.xml XmlDefault.cnf.xml SCCP-dictionary.xml Phonemodel-dictionary.xml Phonemodel-tones.xml
7960 Firmware 7940 Firmware 7920 Firmware 7912 Firmware 7905 Firmware 7902 Firmware 7910 Firmware
SEP SEP
TFTP Server
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7960 Firmware
33 34
307067 Mar 1 2002 12:56:02 CP79050101SCCP030530B31.zup 710144 Mar 1 2002 12:57:06 cme-gui-3.1.1.tar
Firmware is installed in flash RAM with the Cisco CME software or individually as needed Served up by the TFTP server on the Cisco CME router The command tftp-server flash:firmware-file-name
IP Telephony 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
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SEP
XML
* XXXXXXXXXXX = to the MAC address
IP Telephony 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Default
XML
* Notice there is no ATA or 7914
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Language
XML
Contents will vary based upon language selected with the user-locale command
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Call Progress
XML
Contents will vary based upon call progress tones selected with the networklocale command
IP Telephony
IP Phone Information
No 7914 in the XMLDefault.cnf.xml
<loadInformation6 model="IP Phone 7910">P00403020214</loadInformation6> <loadInformation124 model="Addon 7914"></loadInformation124> <loadInformation9 model="IP Phone 7935"></loadInformation9> <loadInformation8 model="IP Phone 7940">P00303020214</loadInformation8> <loadInformation7 model="IP Phone 7960">P00303020214</loadInformation7> <loadInformation20000 model="IP Phone 7905"></loadInformation20000> <loadInformation30008 model="IP Phone 7902"></loadInformation30008> <loadInformation30002 model="IP Phone 7920"></loadInformation30002> <loadInformation30019 model="IP Phone 7936"></loadInformation30019> <loadInformation30007 model="IP Phone 7912"></loadInformation30007>
Default
XML
The 7914 expansion module cannot auto register Require the use of the type command entered by the administrator
All other valid devices can be recognized automatically by the Cisco CME system
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FLP
Step 2 - The phone returns the FLP to the switch due to a completed circuit
FLP
Step 3 - Power is applied
Step 4 - Link is detected on switchport Step 5 - The IP phone boots up Step 6 - The amount of power really needed is passed through CDP from the IP phone to the switch
CDP
Power needed
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CDP
Voice VLAN Step 8 - The IP phone initializes the IP stack and sends a DHCPDiscover broadcast message
DHCPDiscover
Broadcast Step 9 - The DHCP server hears the DHCPDiscover message and selects an IP address from the scope and sends a DHCPOffer
DHCPOffer
IP address, Subnet Mask, Default Gateway, and TFTP server (option 150)
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IP Telephony
Step 11 - Using the address of the TFTP server learned from the option 150 in the DHCPOffer the phone looks for and downloads the file named SEPAAAABBBBCCCC.cnf.xml (where AAAABBBBCCCC is the MAC address), if the file is found the phone will register TFTP request for the SEP000F2470AA32.cnf.xml file
SEP
XML
SEP000F2470AA32.cnf.xml file
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Step 12 - If the firmware version currently on the phone is different than the version specified in the SEPAAAABBBBCCCC.cnf.xml file then the firmware is downloaded from the TFTP server
7960 Firmware
Firmware file Step 13 - IP phone will reboot if the firmware was updated
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Step 14 - If no SEP XML file was found then download from the TFTP server the XMLDefault.cnf.xml file
Default
XML
Step 15 - The phone will register to CallManager Express but without any assigned extension. No calls will be able to be placed or received and a SEP file will be created on the CallManager Express router
or
Step 16 - If auto assign is enabled or the phone has been configured then the new IP phone will register to the CallManager Express and given an extension number
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Ephone-dn
A DN and Extension number are equivalent Line and voice port are equivalent Has a unique tag or sequence number assigned when the ephone-dn is created
Primary extension number on a single line ephone-dn that can make or receive one call at a time
DN1
ephone-dn
Primary/Secondary extensions configured on a single line ephone-dn where the primary is an internal extension number and the secondary is an E.164 number
Creates one or more telephony system pots dial peers when the ephone-dn is initially configured
One phone extension on a dual line ephone-dn for ephone-dns that need call waiting, consultative transfer and conferencing
DN1 DN1
ephone-dn
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IP Telephony
Ephone-dn (Cont.)
router(config)#
This command is used to create an extension (ephone-dn) for a Cisco IP phone line, an intercom line, a paging line, a voice-mail port, or a messagewaiting indicator (MWI).
router(config-ephone-dn)#
IP Telephony
Ephone
Software configuration of a physical phone Has a unique tag or sequence number assigned when the ephone is created
7960
Button 1 DN Button 2 DN Button 3 DN Button 4 DN Button 5 DN Button 6 DN
Can be an IP phone, analog phone attached to an ATA The MAC of the IP phone or ATA is used to tie the software configuration to the hardware The hardware is auto detected for all supported models except the ATA and 7914 expansion module Can have one or more ephonedn(s) associated with the ephone Number of line buttons will vary based on the hardware
MAC 000F.2470.F92D
Analog 2 DN
MAC 000F.2470.F92E
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Ephone (Cont.)
router(config)#
ephone phone-tag
mac-address mac-address
Assigns the physical IP phone by MAC address with this instance of an ephone
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Ephone (Cont.)
router(config-ephone)#
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ephone 1
1001
Button 1
000F.2470.F8F8
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1004
1004
1004
1005
1005
1005
1006
1006
1006
V
1007 ATA-186/188
1007 1007
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1008
Button 1
1008 1009
Button 2
1009
Button 6
1011
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1002 1002
Dual-line ephone-dn Primary and secondary extension on ephone-dn Shared ephone-dn Multiple ephone-dns Overlay ephone-dn
Shared single or dual line ephone-dn Multiple single or dual line ephonedns on one or more ephones Primary and secondary extension on a single or dual line ephone-dn
1006
1006
1003 1003
1003 1003
1007
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One channels
1001
CMERouter(Config)#ephone-dn 1 CMERouter(Config-ephone-dn)#number 1001 The ephone-dn creates one virtual voice port One call to or from this ephone-dn at any one time
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1002
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One channels
The ephone-dn creates one virtual voice port Two different directory numbers can be dialed to reach this ephone-dn
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Shared Ephone-dn
1006
Button 1
1006
Button 2
1100
One ephone-dn applied on two different ephones Only one phone can use the ephone-dn at a time Both phones ring when a call arrives at the ephone-dn
Button 2
1100
Only one ephone can pick up the call ensuring privacy If a call is placed on hold either ephone can retrieve the call
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IP Telephony
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Ephone 3
1003 1003 1003
Button 2
1003
On different ephones
Used when two different ephones need the same number Not a shared line
Ephone 4
1004
Button 2
1004
preference 0 no huntstop
Ephone 5
1004
Button 2
1004
preference 1 huntstop
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router(config-ephone-dn)#
preference {0-10}
huntstop [channel]
Discontinues the call hunting behavior for an extension (ephone-dn) or an extension line (dual-line)
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Huntstop
1020 DN
Preference 0
no huntstop
Ephone-dn 10 Channel 2
1020 DN
Preference 1
no huntstop
Ephone-dn 11 Channel 2
Busy
1020 DN
Preference 2
huntstop
Ephone-dn 12 Channel 2
Busy
1020 DN
Preference 3
Ephone-dn 13 Channel 1
X
* Ring no answer timeout of 10 seconds set globally
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Channel 2
Huntstop Channel
1020 DN
Preference 0
no huntstop
Ephone-dn 10 Channel 2
1020 DN
Preference 1
no huntstop
Ephone-dn 11 Channel 2
Busy
1020 DN
Preference 2
huntstop
Ephone-dn 12 Channel 2
Busy
1020 DN
Preference 3
Ephone-dn 13 Channel 1
X
* Ring no answer timeout of 10 seconds set globally
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Channel 2
IP Telephony 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Button 1
1003 1003
Button 2
1003
If either of the two voice channels are available, the ephone-dn assigned to line button 1 will be used when an incoming call is setup When the two voice channels on the ephone-dn are being used on line button 1, an incoming call will roll to the ephone-dn assigned to line button 2 A fifth call will receive busy treatment when both voice channels on both ephone-dns are being used on line button 1 and 2 The preference of 0 is more preferred than a preference of 1. The default is 0
The no huntstop on the line button 1 ephone-dn allows the call to hunt to the second ephone-dn when the first ephone-dn is busy
The huntstop on the line button 2 ephone-dn stops the hunting behavior and applies the busy treatment
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IP Telephony
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preference 0 no huntstop
Ephone 5
1004 on line button 2 Ephone 4 will be used first if available
Button 2
1004
preference 1 huntstop
When the first ephone-dn is being used on ephone 4, an incoming call will use the ephone-dn assigned to ephone 5
A third call will receive busy treatment when both ephone-dns are being used on line ephone 4 and 5 The preference of 0 is more preferred than a preference of 1; the default is 0 The no huntstop on the ephone-dn on ephone 4 allows the call to hunt to the second ephone-dn on ephone 5 when the first ephone-dn is busy The huntstop on the ephone-dn on ephone 5 stops the hunting behavior and applies the busy treatment for the third call Unlike a share line appearance, if a call is placed on hold, only the original phone will be able to retrieve the call
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Overlay Ephone-dn
Button 4
1101 Preference 0 no huntstop 1101 Preference 1 huntstop
1101 on line 4
1101 on line 4
Button 4
1101 on line 4 1101 on line 4 Two or more ephone-dns applied to the same ephone line button
Button 4
Button 4
All ephone-dns in the overlay set must be either single-line or all must be dual-line
Allows up to ten calls (depending on the number of ephone-dns) to the same phone number that resides on multiple ephones
Call waiting and call pickup not supported A call placed on hold can be retrieved by only the phone that placed the call on hold
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max-dn max-dn
Sets the maximum definable number of ephone-dns that may be configured in the system
The maximum number of ephone-dns supported is a function of the license and hardware platform The default is zero
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DN
DN
DN
CMERouter(config-telephony)#max-dn 10
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
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1001
IP Telephony
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IP Telephony
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firmware
Music on Hold IOS
or
copy ftp flash
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IP Telephony
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Firmware files
ATA 7902 7905 7912 7914 7914 Expansion Module 7920 7935 7936 7940 7960
Music on Hold
music-on-hold.au
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GUI tar
IP Telephony
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IP Telephony
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GUI files
admin_user.html admin_user.js CiscoLogo.gif Delete.gif dom.js downarrow.gif ephone_admin.html logohome.gif normal_user.html normal_user.js Plus.gif sxiconad.gif Tab.gif telephony_service.html uparrow.gif xml-test.html
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IP Telephony
IP Telephony
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CiscoIOSTSP1.2.zip
IP Telephony
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xml.template
Use the xml.template file to allow or restrict the GUI functions that are available to an optional customer administrator
IP Telephony
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IP Telephony
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Partially automated
Numerous commands from the CLI Requires knowledge of Cisco CME commands Simplifies deployment of many IP phones
Automated
Few commands needed from the CLI
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IP Telephony
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A question and answer session will start asking for basic parameters CTRL + c keystroke can be used at any time to break out of the setup mode No changes are committed until the end
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IP Telephony
DHCP pool created Firmware available to TFTP server Flash is searched and if firmware is found it will be loaded Creates SEP XML files at boot up and load to RAM Telephony-service configuration results DID configuration Firmware is searched and if MoH is found this entry is made
network 10.90.0.0 255.255.255.0 default-router 10.90.0.1 option 150 ip 10.90.0.1 tftp-server flash:P00303020214.bin tftp-server flash:P00403020214.bin telephony-service load 7910 P00403020214 load 7960-7940 P00303020214 create cnf-files max-ephones 10 max-dn 10 ip source-address 10.10.0.1 port 2000 voicemail 9999 auto assign 1 to 10 dialplan-pattern 1 2095559... extension-length 4 extensionpattern 1... moh music-on-hold.au
ephone-dn 1 dual-line
number 401 call-forward busy 9999 call-forward noans 9999 timeout 10
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IP Telephony
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auto assign start-dn to stop-dn [type model] [cfw number timeout seconds]
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telephony-service auto assign 1 to 10 type 7920 auto assign 11 to 20 type 7940 auto assign 21 to 40 type 7960 auto assign 41 to 50 ... ephone-dn 1 dual-line number 1000
A pre-existing ephone-dn is assigned to the new ephone; this is selected from the range defined for the type of phone
...
The lowest unassigned ephone-dn in matching statement range will be used If all ephone-dns in a range have been assigned, some phones may not receive an ephone-dn or may overflow to the general auto assign without a type If the new IP phone does not match any auto assign with a type, then the auto assign without a type will be used
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IP Telephony
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telephony-service
max-ephones max-ephones max-dn max-directory-numbers
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tftp-server flash:filename
IP Telephony
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telephony-service
max-ephone maximum-ephones
Sets the maximum number of ephones that may be defined in the system (default is 0)
CMERouter(config-telephony-service)#
max-dn maximum-directory-numbers
Sets the maximum number of ephone-dn that may be defined in the system (default is 0)
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7940/7960
7920
7910 Firmware
7910
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Identifies the address and port through which IP phones communicate with Cisco CME
Default
XML
10.90.0.1
IP Telephony
create cnf-files
SEP000F2473AB14.cnf.xml
XML
000F.2473.AB14 10.90.0.1
IP Telephony
keepalive seconds
Sets the length of the time interval between keepalive message from the IP phones to Cisco CME
telephony-service
keepalive 10
Keepalive
Keepalive
Default is 30 seconds, range is 10 65535 seconds If 3 keepalives are missed in a row, the device will have to register again
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Sets a dial plan pattern which can expand extension numbers to E.164 numbers that can be used for DIDs
DN 1000
PSTN
ISDN PRI
DN 10XX DN 1099
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mac-address 000F.2745.2AD8
button 1:1
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IP Telephony
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-#- --length-- -----date/time------ path 1 399514 Mar 1 2002 12:56:28 P00305000301.sbn 2 22649180 Mar 1 2002 12:38:00 c3725-ipvoice-mz.123-7.T.bin 3 321939 Mar 1 2002 12:55:58 CP7902010200SCCP031023A.sbin 4 317171 Mar 1 2002 12:56:06 CP7905010200SCCP031023A.sbin 5 317968 Mar 1 2002 12:56:10 CP7912010200SCCP031023A.sbin 6 369950 Mar 1 2002 12:56:22 P00303020214.bin 7 333822 Mar 1 2002 12:56:30 P00403020214.bin 8 47904 Mar 1 2002 12:56:54 S00103020002.bin 9 301298 Mar 1 2002 12:56:56 ata18x-v2-16-ms-030327b.zup 10 496521 Mar 1 2002 12:57:22 music-on-hold.au 11 1908762 Mar 1 2002 12:56:54 P00503010100.bin 12 21 Mar 1 2002 12:56:18 OS7920.txt 13 839984 Mar 1 2002 12:57:18 cmterm_7920.3.3-01-06.bin 14 307067 Mar 1 2002 12:56:02 CP79050101SCCP030530B31.zup ...
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French
Portuguese
IP Telephony
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CMERouter(config-telephony-service)#
user-locale language-code
network-locale language-code
Specifies the set of call progress tones and cadence on the IP phone
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CMERouter(config-telephony-service)#
Specifies the set of call progress tones and cadence on the IP phone
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Reset Command
Hard reboot Phone firmware changes
Restart Command
Soft reboot
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CMERouter(config-telephony-service)#
reset
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CMERouter(config-telephony-service)#
restart
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Setup Troubleshooting
Troubleshooting setup overview
Verify that a correct IP address and scope options are received on the IP phone Verify the correct files are in flash Debug the tftp server Verify phone firmware install Verify locale is correct Verify phone setup Review configuration
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Can verify if the SEP file for the phone is found Can verify the downloading of the correct firmware
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2 15:16:57.766: ephone-1[1]:phone SEP000F2470F8F8 re-associate OK on socket [1] 2 15:16:57.766: %IPPHONE-6-REGISTER: ephone-1:SEP000F2470F8F8 IP:10.90.0.11 has registered. 2 15:16:57.766: Phone 0 socket 1 2 15:16:57.766: Skinny Local IP address = 10.95.0.1 on port 2000
2 15:16:57.766: Skinny Phone IP address = 10.90.0.11 49692 2 15:16:57.766: ephone-1[1]:Date Format M/D/Y 2 15:16:57.766: ephone-1[1][SEP000F2470F8F8]:RegisterAck sent to ephone 1: keepalive period 30
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IP Telephony
IP Telephony
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ephone-2 Mac:000F.23FC.9CF0 TCP socket:[2] activeLine:0 REGISTERED mediaActive:0 offhook:0 ringing:0 reset:0 reset_sent:0 paging 0 debug:1 IP:10.10.0.13 52633 Telecaster 7960 button 1: dn 2 number 1001 CH1 keepalive 135 max_line 6 CH2 IDLE IDLE
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