End-to-End (E)GPRS Performance Improvements BSS

G.U. Krause, Com MN PG PLM G1, June 2005

GPRS Performance Improvements Overview

Overview Performance Improvements - PDCH activation - Round Trip Delay - Ping Delay - DL FTP Throughput

In order to evaluate GPRS performances, the main measurements taken in consideration are:

GPRS PDCH activation Round Trip Delay Ping Delay Down Link FTP Throughput
The GPRS improvements shown herein are related to the performance achieved up to BR8.0 To be noted that:
The statements herein depend on the network configuration, the mobiles, and the network elements used. Additional delay at the terrestrial Abis interface due to e.g. satellite links, Abis compression affects the packet performance
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GPRS Performance Improvements GPRS PDCH activation

Overview Performance Improvements PDCH

GPRS PDCH activation Round Trip Delay Ping Delay Down Link FTP Throughput

activation - Round Trip Delay - Ping Delay - DL FTP Throughput

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GPRS Performance Improvements GPRS PDCH activation time

MS
Overview Performance Improvements PDCH

BTS
Packet Channel Request Channel Activation Time Alignment Immediate/Packet Uplink Assignment Time Alignment First Packet DL Control Block

BSC
[s] 0.6 0.4 0.2 BR6 BR7

activation - Round Trip Delay - Ping Delay - DL FTP Throughput

BR8

Optimized improvements with PPXU

BR7.0 improvements by
Change the trigger point to start time alignment procedure Reduction of buffers for each direction in BSC [PPXU only] Send of the Assignment message to MS in advance (parallel processing)

BR8.0 improvements by
Optimized evaluation of the Sequence Number to start data transmission
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GPRS Performance Improvements Round Trip Delay

Overview Performance Improvements - PDCH activation Round Trip

GPRS PDCH activation Round Trip Delay Ping Delay Down Link FTP Throughput

Delay - Ping Delay - DL FTP Throughput

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GPRS Performance Improvements What does mean Round Trip Delay

Overview Performance Improvements - PDCH activation Round Trip

MS-PCU Round Trip Delay (RTD) is intended to be the time interval on the Um interface between The first Uplink block and the first Packet Uplink Ack/Nack (Contention resolution) or The Packet Downlink Ack/Nack (PDAN) with Uplink Request and Packet Uplink Assignment (PUAS)

Delay - Ping Delay - DL FTP Throughput

MS BTS
PDAN with Chann el

BSC / PCU

Request
Processing Time

RTD

PUAS

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GPRS Performance Improvements How to achieve reduced Round Trip Delay

Overview Performance Improvements - PDCH activation Round Trip

In order to reduce the MS-PCU Round Trip Delay time

two types of improvement have been provided 1. The reduction of buffers already treated for PDCH Activation Time is valid also to reduce the Round Trip Delay time 2. Modified internal PCU communication between processor application and HDLC (only SW modifications on the PPXU card)

Delay - Ping Delay - DL FTP Throughput

00 0
200

BR00 .

120

BR00 00 . /BR .

Round Trip Delay

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GPRS Performance Improvements Ping Delay

Overview Performance Improvements - PDCH activation - Round Trip Delay Ping Delay

GPRS PDCH activation Round Trip Delay Ping Delay Down Link FTP Throughput

- DL FTP Throughput

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GPRS Performance Improvements What does mean Ping Delay

Overview Performance Improvements - PDCH activation - Round Trip Delay Ping Delay

PING DELAY is intended to be the delay between the sending of N bytes IP packet to remote host (query) and the receipt of a confirmation response. (measurements based on series of PING) The following measurements are based on 50 PING series of 32 byte per PING IP server

BTS

BSC

SGSN

- DL FTP Throughput

Ping request in uplink Ping response in downlink

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GPRS Performance Improvements Configuration & Parameters

Overview Performance Improvements - PDCH activation - Round Trip Delay Ping Delay

The Ping Delay time is strongly dependent on the mobile network components that support the command Ping Request TEST CONFIGURATION SIEMENS SGSN BSS Default setting of BSS Coding scheme GPRS CS2 (PCU frame standard) LAPTOP WINDOWS 98 TCP receive window and IP packet size optimized ME 45/S 45 GPRS MS (4+1) or S55 GPRS MS (4+2) SUN Ultra 5 with SUN OS 5.8 acting as fixed host
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- DL FTP Throughput

GPRS Performance Improvements Ping Delay Improvements

Overview Performance Improvements - PDCH activationApart - Round Trip Delay Ping Delay

In order to reduce the PING Delay time the BSC supports improvements as follows [PPXU only]:

from the other improvements mentioned before as

Improved buffering structure Optimized internal communication

additional modifications provide reduced Ping Delay:

Modified polling strategy during delayed DL TBF by enlarged fast polling period. Internal PCU queue is reduced from 3 to 1(or max 2) radio blocks. Support of the extended uplink TBF mode by open-ended uplink TBF during temporary inactive periods (feature supported by Rel4 MS)
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- DL FTP Throughput

GPRS Performance Improvements Ping Delay Improvement Values

Overview Performance Improvements - PDCH activation - Round Trip Delay Ping Delay

Ping Delay in seconds

0 00 , 00 , 00 , 00 , 0 BR0 BR0 * BR0 **

- DL FTP Throughput

* Depends on MS type (might be reduced by 20ms) ** Value with Extended Uplink TBF (valid for MS re. 4 only, e.g. Prototype SIEMENS S75)

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GPRS Performance Improvements First Ping Delay

Overview Performance Improvements

First PING DELAY is intended to be the delay between the sending of the first ping to remote host (query) and the receipt of a confirmation response (measurements based on one PING) The resource optimized approach by Siemens distinguished between Channels are already active (1 and 2 phase access)
Channels are idle (1 or 2 phase access) Note: Idle channels needed to save radio resources (Um, Abis, and PCU) otherwise up to 4 TS per cell at least and the corresponding network resources have to reserved statically, even if no data traffic has to be transmitted

- PDCH activation - Round Trip Delay Ping Delay

- DL FTP Throughput

Test configuration is identical to the measurements for Ping series.

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GPRS Performance Improvements First Ping Delay Improvements

Overview Performance Improvements - PDCH activation - Round Trip Delay Ping Delay

In order to reduce the First PING Delay time the BSC supports improvements as follows [PPXU only]:

- DL FTP Throughput

Among other improvements mentioned before additional modifications provide reduced First Ping Delay for twophase access in BR7.0 Reduction of sequential PDT/PDCH alignments from three to two. Optimized starting time of the commanded TBF for both active and idle channel

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GPRS Performance Improvements First Ping Delay Values

Overview Performance

F irst Pin g D elay in seco n d s

T w o Ph ase Access

F irs t P in g D ela y in s eco n d s

00 , 0 00 , 0 00 , 0

00 , Improvements 0 , - PDCH activation 00 0 - Round Trip Delay 00 , - Ping Delay 0

- DL FTP Throughput

O n eP h ase A ccess

BR0

BR0*

BR0**

B R0

B R0*

B R0**

id le ch an n el

active ch an n el

id le ch an n el

active ch an n el

Competitor Info: First Ping by Ericsson and Motorola is ~650ms (current solution) for active channel, 1 phase access). Idle channel NOT supported (planned for later releases by Ericsson)!
* Depends on MS type (might be reduced by 20ms) ** Value with Extended Uplink TBF (valid for MS re. 4 only, e.g. Protoype SIEMENS S75) Siemens 2005 End-to-End GPRS Performance BSS commercially not binding 15

GPRS Performance Improvements Down Link FTP Throughput

Overview Performance Improvements - PDCH activation - Round Trip Delay - Ping Delay DL FTP

GPRS PDCH activation Round Trip Delay Ping Delay Down Link FTP Throughput

Throughput

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GPRS Performance Improvements Down Link FTP Throughput (BR7.0)

Overview Performance Improvements - PDCH activation - Round Trip Delay - Ping Delay DL FTP

Siemens GPRS DL Throughput Performance

Kbit/s
00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 0 0 0 CS 0 CS 0 MCS 0

Throughput

0 MS TS

0 MS TS

0 MS TS

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GPRS Performance Improvements Down Link FTP Throughput - Configuration & Parameters
Overview Performance Improvements - PDCH activation - Round Trip Delay - Ping Delay DL FTP

The DL FTP Throughput time is dependent on the mobile network components. TEST CONFIGURATION SIEMENS SGSN BSS
Default setting of BSS Coding scheme GPRS CS2 (PCU frame standard)

LAPTOP WINDOWS 98
TCP receive window and IP packet size optimized

Throughput

SIEMENS S55 GPRS MS (4+2) SUN Ultra 5 with SUN OS 5.8 acting as fixed host Conditions
Siemens = 0 End-to-End GPRS condition) BERL 2005 (ideal radioPerformance BSS commercially not binding 18

GPRS Performance Improvements How to improve GPRS throughput

Overview Performance Improvements - PDCH activation - Round Trip Delay - Ping Delay DL FTP

Currently, the focus on data transfer is mainly related to downlink throughput (DL throughput) Future application like Mobile-to-Mobile data transfers or MMS exchanges requires higher uplink throughput (UL throughput)

BR7.0
Uplink balanced assignment of (E)GPRS resources in order to distribute automatically resources between Uplink and Downlink during running TBF (e.g. TS 4+1 => 3+2) Dynamic allocation of the number of uplink and downlink time slots (MS multi-slot classes up to 10)

Throughput

BR8.0
Balanced Uplink and Downlink during running TBF (e.g. TS 4+1, 1+4) and the use of Extended DL TBF Extended dynamic allocation and support of MS multi-slot Siemens 2005 End-to-End GPRS Performance BSS commercially not binding 19 classes up to 12

GPRS Performance Improvements Simulated Gain of DL FTP Throughput BR7.0 vs. BR8.0
Overview Performance Improvements - PDCH activation - Round Trip Delay - Ping Delay DL FTP

Simulation Settings: (4+1) MS, GPRS CS2 or CS4 BR7.0 Rel. 99 vs. BR8.0 Rel. 4/5 (including extended UL TBF) GR3.1 Parameters, RecWS = 15 * MSS, MSS = 1460 Byte 115 kbps cable modem, Gb-Bandwidth with 2Mbps
Data Throughput [kbit/s]

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 00 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 FTP Download file size [kbyte] 0 BR 0 0 CS BR 0 0 CS BR 0 0 CS BR 0 0 CS

Throughput

Extended UL TBF boosts Throughput of small File Downloads by up to 20% (MS dependent) !
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Backup Slides

Backup Slides
[Performance Tables]

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COMPARISON of SIEMENS PPCU and PPXU

Backup Slides

PPCU/PPXU PPXU HW with PPXU HW with HW with BR7.0 BR8.0 BR5.5/6.0 GPRS PDCH Channel Activation Time Alignment Procedure Immediate Assignment PDCH bring up Time *) 80ms 60ms 60ms

360ms 140ms

140ms 120ms

60-80ms 120

550 ms

230 ms

150 ms

*) Whole time is less than sum of 3 phases because of parallel Processing, e.g. early Immediate Assignment sending
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MS-PCU Round Trip Delay conclusion

Backup Slides

PPCU/PPXU HW with BR5.5/BR6.0 MS-PCU Round Trip Delay 200 ms

PPXU HW with BR7.0/BR8.0 120 ms

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First PING DELAY Table*)

Backup Slides

BR6.0 Active Channel, 1 phase access Active Channel, 2 phase access Idle Channel, 1 phase access Idle Channel, 2 phase access 850 1050 1900ms 2400ms

BR7.0 650ms 850ms 1050ms 1150ms 1250ms

BR8.0 ~600ms ~800ms ~800ms 950ms 1050ms

*) Average values; MS type might slightly impact performance

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PING DELAY Table

Backup Slides

BR5.5 Ping Delay

850ms

BR6.0 BR7.0*)
720ms 460ms (CS2) 440ms (CS4)

BR8.0**)
300ms (CS2) 280ms (CS4)

420ms (MCS6) 260ms (MCS6)

*) depending on MS type (achieved with NOKIA 6220) **) BR 8.0 measured with Extended UL TBF (valid only for MS >= Rel.4)

depending on MS type (achieved with NOKIA 5140), With fast MS e.g. Prototype Siemens S75 for GPRS (CS2) less than 240ms achieved for EDGE (MCS6) less than 210 ms achieved

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DL Throughput Analysis
Backup Slides

Siemens BR 7.0 GPRS DL Throughput Performance

(good radio condition, 1 MByte DL) 2 TS MS GPRS CS2 GPRS CS4 EGPRS MCS9 22 kbps ~26 kbps ~110 kbps 3 TS MS 33 kbps ~55 kbps ~164 kbps 4 TS MS ~45 kbps ~76 kbps ~215 kbps

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PING
BR7.0
Backup Slides

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FTP Download / GPRS CS4 / MS-Class 10

BR7.0
Backup Slides

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FTP Download / EDGE MCS9 / MS-Class2

BR7.0
Backup Slides

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Improvements by Extended UL TBF for Release 4/5 MS

BR8.0
Backup Slides
M easured PING Delay Distribution for 0 0 successive 0 Byte PINGs 0 0
00 0 00 0 Gain of the Extended UL TBF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 Avg. EDGE PING 0 0 ms 0

Number of PINGs

00 0

00 0

00 0

00 0

00 0

00 0

00 0

00 0

00 0

00 0

00 0

00 0

00 0

00 0

PING Delay [ms]

GPRS CS 0 GPRS CS 0 EDGE MCS 0 GPRS CS , delayed UL TBF 0 GPRS CS , delayed UL TBF 0 EDGE MCS , delayed UL TBF 0

Nokia MS 5140 Prototype tested, Rel. 4 compatible, Ext. UL TBF enabled With fast Mobile Station e.g. Prototype Siemens S75 less than 210ms achieved
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PING DELAY (50 Pings GPRS CS2)

BR8.0
Backup Slides Fast MS Prototype Siemens S75

237ms in average !

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PING DELAY (50 Pings EDGE MCS6)

BR8.0
Backup Slides Fast MS Prototype Siemens S75

200ms in average !

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NACC in BR8 reduces Cell Reselection Gap

BR8.0: Example: FTP download
Backup Slides
Gap from Last Data Block / Packet Cell Change Order in old cell up to Channel Request in new cell is around 260 ms!

Old cell

New cell

Total Gap in Data Transfer is around 600ms to 1200ms depending on MS Type, MS Implementation, UL or DL Traffic (UL GAP is smaller) 1phase or 2phase access Idle / Active Target Cell (PDCH Bring Up / Synchronization required) and Location Area / Routing Area Update required (additional Messages).
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