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Introduction
The defining characteristic of a grid [1]: The essence of grid computing lies in the efficient and optimal utilization of a wide range of heterogeneous, loosely coupled resources in an organization tied to sophisticated workload management capabilities or information virtualization
An example of Cluster
Introduction to P2P
P2P is a class of applications that takes advantage of resources-storage, cycles, content, human presence - available at the edges of the Internet A pure peer-to-peer network does not have the notion of clients or servers, but only equal peer nodes that simultaneously function as both "clients" and "servers" to the other nodes on the network.
Grid Vs P2P
Grid were motivated by the requirements of professional communities needing to access remote resources, federate datasets, and/or pool computers for large-scale simulations and data analyses. It was initially developed to address the needs of scientific collaborations, commercial interest is growing P2P has been popularized by grass roots, mass-culture file-sharing and highly parallel computing applications that scale in some instances to hundreds of thousands of nodes
Grid Vs P2P
Grid integrate resources that are more powerful, more diverse, and better connected than the typical P2P
Grid resource - cluster, storage system, database, or scientific instrument administered in an organized fashion according to some well defined policy.
P2P often deal with intermittent participation and highly variable behavior.
Major resources are home computers.
Grid Vs P2P
Grid often involves only modest numbers of participants. The amount of activity can be large.
Early Grid implementations did NOT address scalability and self management as priorities
Grid Vs P2P
In Grid, works have been done associated with creating and operating persistent, multipurpose infrastructure services for authentication, authorization, discovery, resource access, data movement...Less effort has been devoted to managing participation in the absence of trust P2P offers much scalability, fault tolerance, selfconfiguration, automatic problem determination. P2P system have tended to focus on the integration of simple resources (individual computers) by protocols. The persistence properties of such infrastructures are not specifically engineered but are rather emergent properties
Grid Vs P2P
P2P system lacks a central point of management; this makes it ideal for providing anonymity. Grid environments, on the other hand, usually have some form of centralized management and security (for instance, in resource management or workload scheduling). Lack of centralization means:
More scalable More tolerant of single-point failures than grid computing systems. (Although grids are much more resilient than tightly coupled distributed systems, a grid inevitably includes some key elements that can become single points of failure)
The key to building grid computing systems is finding a balance between decentralization and manageability -not an easy chore
Grid Vs P2P
Also, while an important characteristic of grid computing is that resources are dynamic, in P2P systems the resources are much more dynamic in nature and generally are more fleeting than resources on a grid A final distinction between the two systems is standards -- the general lack of standards in the P2P world contrasts with the host of standards in the grid universe. And, thanks to entities like the Global Grid Forum, the grid universe has a mechanism for refining existing standards and creating new ones
Grid Vs CORBA
CORBA
OGSA and CORBA, both are based on the concept of service-oriented architecture (SOA) CORBA assumes object orientation (after all, it is part of the name), but grid computing does not There are also issues of interoperability among different platforms in CORBA
Grid Vs DCE
Not so much an architecture but an environment, DCE facilitates distributed computing; grid computing (in the form of OGSA) is more of an end-to-end architecture designed to encapsulate many of the intricacies of the mechanics of distributed computing
Conclusion
We have examined Grid Computing and its importance at Enterprise Level Also an analysis of the similarities and differences between grid computing and four major distributed computing systems Based on the benefits of these paradigms, we can expect these approaches to eventually converge
References
[1] Perspectives on grid: Grid computing -- Next-generation distributed computing, Matt Haynos, Program Director, Grid Marketing and Strategy, IBM, http://users.cs.cf.ac.uk/David.W.Walker/IGDS/GridCourse.htm [2] Grid Vs Peer-to-Peer, Yin Chen, http://freewebs.com/yinchenagain/doc/p2p.pdf [3] Wikpedia, the Free Encyclopedia, http://www.wikipedia.org [4] What is the Grid? A Three Point Check List, Ian Foster, 2002