GEOMETRY (TRIANGLES)

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OBJECTIVES

INTRODUCTION
CHARACTERISTIC OF TRIANGLES TYPES OF TRIANGLE CONSTRUCTING TRIANGLES ACTIVITIES

OBJECTIVES
Identify the types of triangles correctly Identify the characteristics of triangles clearly Construct a triangles using method correctly

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INTRODUCTION
A triangle is a geometrical figure formed by three lines, which intersect each other and which are not all concurrent.

A triangle ABC has six parts namely three angles and their sides namely AB,BC, CA.
Triangles can be classified either on the basis of the sides or on the basis of the angles.

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CHARACTERISTIC OF TRIANGLES
Apex Apex angle

Height

Side

Base angle

Base

Bisection line
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TYPES OF TRIANGLE
An equilateral triangle has got 3 sides of equal length and 3 angles that are equal. Since ALL the angles in a triangle add up to 180 then 180 divided by 3 must be 60. The right angled triangle contains a right angle (an angle of 90).
b) Right triangle

a) Equilateral triangle

TYPES OF TRIANGLE
An Isosceles triangle has got two sides of equal length and 2 angles equal.

c) Isosceles triangle

A scalene triangle is the easiest of them all. The scalene triangle has got NO sides of equal length and NO angles the same.
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d) Scalene triangle

CONSTRUCTING TRIANGLES
1.CONSTRUCTING A TRIANGLE GIVEN THREE SIDES 2.CONSTRUCTING A TRIANGLE GIVEN TWO SIDES AND AN ANGLE 3.CONSTRUCTING A TRIANGLE GIVEN TWO SIDES AND A BASE ANGLE 4.CONSTRUCTING A TRIANGLE GIVEN ITS BASE AND TWO BASE ANGLES 5.CONSTRUCTING A TRIANGLE GIVEN THE PERIMETER AND SIDE RATIOS 6.CONSTRUCTING A RIGHT TRIANGLE GIVEN THE HYPOTENUSE

AND LENGTH OF A SIDE

7.CONSTRUCTING A TRIANGLE GIVEN THE BASE, BASE ANGLE AND APEX ANGLE

8.CONSTRUCTING A TRIANGLE GIVEN THE BASE, HEIGHT AND APEX ANGLE

9.CONSTRUCTING A TRIANGLE GIVEN THE PERIMETER, HEIGHT AND APEX ANGLE 10.CONSTRUCTING A TRIANGLE GIVEN THREE BISECTOR LINES
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1. CONSTRUCTING A TRIANGLE GIVEN THREE SIDES

R

a a P

Given the sides a, b and c

Q STEP 1 : Draw the sidearc On the Q point STEP 2 : Constructlines a. c and QR STEP 3 : Draw the an PR from P, draw an arc with side b.

2. CONSTRUCTING A TRIANGLE GIVEN TWO SIDES AND AN ANGLE

C b

b
0 P 0 a Q

Given two sides a and b and an included angle 0

STEP 1 : Draw sides a and construct the STEP 3 Draw the lines PC and QC STEP 2 : :Construct an arc with side b from P angle 00

3. CONSTRUCTING A TRIANGLE GIVEN TWO SIDES AND A BASE ANGLE

R
a b R

b
0 0 Given two sides a, b and an angle 0 P a Q

STEP 1 : :Draw sidesan and with side b from Q STEP 3 : Draw the linesarc construct The STEP 2 Construct a PR and QR. the angle 00PQR isR and R triangle intersecting at a alternative to triangle PQR

4. CONSTRUCTING A TRIANGLE GIVEN ITS BASE AND TWO BASE ANGLES

R a

0 P

0 a

0 Q

Given the base a and base angles 0 and 0

STEP 2 : Construct angle 0 as to intersect0 R STEP 1 : Draw side a and construct angle at STEP 3 : Draw the lines PR and QR

5. CONSTRUCTING A TRIANGLE GIVEN THE PERIMETER AND SIDE RATIOS

Q

3
D 6

4 P

Given perimeter PQ

STEP 3 : Draw theat C and D, construct arcs STEP 2 : Centred lines CD, CE and DE STEP 1 : Divide the line PQ into 4:6:3 ratio. with radii PC and DQ intersecting at E Mark C and D

6. CONSTRUCTING A RIGHT TRIANGLE GIVEN THE HYPOTENUSE AND LENGTH OF A SIDE

Hypotenuse, h a R

Given hypotenuse and side a

h P Q

STEP 1 : Draw andlines PR and QR arc with 3 2 Centred atbisect the hypotenuse. the P, construct an radius a intersecting at Construct a semicircle R

7. CONSTRUCTING A TRIANGLE GIVEN THE BASE, BASE ANGLE AND APEX ANGLE
C

a 0

A
0 0

Given the base a, base angles 0 and apex angle 0.

STEP 1 : Draw the base AC and BC at O. 3 2 Bisect ABlines ato intersect so as and construct the Centered at O, construct a circle through A apex angle . Construct a perpendicular line and Construct the angle C. at A.B so as to intersect at 0 at B.

8. CONSTRUCTING A TRIANGLE GIVEN THE BASE, HEIGHT AND APEX ANGLE

C

0 O h h

h A a 0

a a B

Given the height h, base a and apex angle 0 .

STEP 1 : Draw base a and construct theO. 3 2 Bisectthe lines AC and BC. at AB so as to intersect Centered at O, Construct circle through A apex angle 0 .construct aa perpendicular and B A. Construct a parallel line at so as to intersect at C. line h from AB.

9. CONSTRUCTING A TRIANGLE GIVEN PERIMETER, HEIGHT AND APEX ANGLE

A

0 0

C h+OP B N

P
O R

Given p, height h and

apex angle 0. STEP 1::Draw AO andO,construct (h+OP) perimeter AP andan and 5: 4: 3: Centered at construct a halfarc 2 Centered at O, construct at N circle perpendicular lines AQ the apexP andAO. . C. Construct triangle intersecting at Q. with diameter B and through angleM 0and N. ABC. AB+BC+AC = p.

10. CONSTRUCTING A TRIANGLE GIVEN THREE BISECTOR LINES

2/3 2/3

C C
2/3 Bb
1/3

A B b c

a
2/3

2/3 Cc

A 1

h
2/3 Bb

Given the three bisector lines of a triangle.

2 3 B

4: STEP 1::Draw middlex, construct arc arc into 5: 3: Centeredat h, construct divide with 2 Centered triangle Aa and an withwith the at a, ABC. an arc line Bb. radius 1/3 Aa and at h, with x.to intersect three parts. intersecting at radius 2/3 Cc at 2/3 Bb Extend line Ca B. intersecting at C.

ACTIVITIES
ACTIVITY 1

ACTIVITY 2

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ACTIVITY 1
Can you find the triangles in this picture?

Right triangle

Right triangle

Isosceles triangle

Equilateral triangle Equilateral triangle

ACTIVITY 2

Equilateral triangle Right triangle

Isosceles triangle Scalene triangle

Equilateral triangle Right triangle

Isosceles triangle Scalene triangle

Equilateral triangle Right triangle

Isosceles triangle Scalene triangle

Equilateral triangle Right triangle

Isosceles triangle Scalene triangle

Equilateral triangle Right triangle

Isosceles triangle Scalene triangle