INTRODUCTION TO NON WOVENS AND TECHNICAL TEXTILES Geo Textiles

Geo textiles
Textile materials used in Civil Engineering. Geo textiles may directly in contact with the soil or can be used with in the soil. May be synthetic fiber geo-Textiles or natural fibers geo-textile materials.

History of geo textiles

Textiles were first applied to roadways in the days of the Pharaohs. In the 1920s the state of South Carolina used a cotton textile to reinforce the underlying materials on a road with poor quality soils.
When synthetic fibers became more available in the 1960s, textiles were considered more seriously for road way construction and maintenance.

Geo Textiles Characteristics

Geo Textiles have following properties. These are properties that produce required working effect. Mechanical Response. Filtration ability. Chemical Resistance

Geo Textiles Types

Geo Textiles fall into five different categories.
Woven Heat Bonded Non Wovens. Needle Punched Non Wovens. Knitted Fibre / Soil Mixing.

Woven Fabrics
Woven fabrics are made on looms which can vary in terms of component fibers and weave construction. They have a wide range of applications and used in light weight form as soil separators , filters and erosion control textiles.

For heavy weight they are used in soil reinforcement in steep embankment and vertical soil walls.

Woven Fabrics
A woven fabric gives high tensile strength, high modulus, and low strains, but gives poor abrasion resistance and dimensional stability. Stress can be absorbed by the warp and weft yarns and hence by the fibers, with out much mechanical elongation.

Knitted Geo textiles

Weft knitted geo textiles are not used.
Knitted geotextiles are restricted to Warp knitted textiles. Fine filter fabrics and large diameter soil reinforcing grids are prepared on warp knitting machines.

Geo grids

Reinforced Geo Grids

Geo Grids (ideal for steep slopes)

Heat bonded non woven geotextiles Made from continues fine filament filaments that have been laid randomly onto a moving belt and passed between heated roller system.
These fabrics achieve strength from the partial melting of fibers between the rollers resulting in the formation of a thin layer of textile.

Needle punched non woven geotextiles

These fabrics are prepared by the punching of needles in the web and due to the punching, fibers entangled with each other, resulting a non woven fabric preparation. Thickness up to 10mm and GSM up to 2000 g/m can be achieved.

Fibers used in geo textiles

Polyproplene.
Poly Ethylene. Polyester. PVDC. Polyamides.

Types of geotextiles
Geo membranes. Geo grids. Geo nets. Geo composites Geocell