THE HISTORY OF THE SACRAMENTS

BAPTISM CONFIRMATION RECONCILIATION

HOLY EUCHARIST

HOLY ORDERS

ANOINTING OF THE SICK MATRIMONY

KEY CONCEPTS 11th-12th Centuries

1. A Sacrament means sign or symbol. A visible sign, a perceptible symbol of something invisible and sacred. 2. The invisible or sacred reality, to which the sign bears witness is GRACE. Gods free gift of his love to men and women. 3. These sacraments or signs stem from Gods own revelation in Jesus, who in some way instituted these Christian sacraments.

These three concepts continued to be sharpened until one arrives at that well-known definition: Sacraments are external signs instituted by Christ to give grace. Then in the light of Vatican II, Sacramental Theology will also be connected with Living the Gospel in Daily Life.

This definition was developed before the number of seven had been established. In the 11th century the Church had developed:

1.

Baptism: a ritual ordinarily administered to infants and strongly connected to theory of original sin. The grace of baptism removed one from this state and brought one into the family of God.

2. Eucharist: no doubt a sacred ritual in the Church, traced back to the Last Supper. Jesus is really present in the bread and wine. Theory of transubstantiation embryonic stage.

3. Penance: Celtic form, penitential ritual, could be received frequently, fairly private, almost completely supplanted the old Roman form which was public and administered only once.

4. Order: By 11th century, not only for priests and deacons, but also for subdiaconate and for the many minor orders. Generally considered a sacrament. Consecration of bishop was not considered a sacrament yet.

5. Anointing: By the 11th century had become a priestly function. Earlier it was administered by lay men and women. However during the Carolingian Reform, anointing of the sick and the dying was (8th C.-) associated with forgiveness of sins which was a reserved to priests alone. Towards the 11th and 12th, sacrament of the dying. (extreme unction)

6. Confirmation: by the 11th century, in the West confirmation had been separated from baptism and administered around the age of ten. A rite in which one begins to be a soldier of Christ. (imagery might be related to Crusades religiously sanctioned military campaigns during the 11th-13th cent.)

7. Marriage: A ritual but not yet considered a sacrament, since the issue of sexuality posed a problem for theologians. How could sexuality be a means grace?

27 A.D. (Easter)
Baptism Eucharist

150

200

400

1000

1150

Reconciliation

Order Anointing (Marriage) Confirmation

Osborne, Kenan B. OFM Sacramental Theology, p.5

Marriage

BAPTISM AND EUCHARIST Baptism and Eucharist clearly go back to the time of Jesus, and there is a date for this in the New Testament itself.

The Baptism of Jesus

Mk 1:9-12 Mt 3:13-16 Lk 3:21-22 Jn 1:29-33 (imp.)

Marks the beginning of Jesus public ministry but is not a baptism of penance and repentance for the remission of sins.

The News Testament

Includes several references to baptism as an important practice among early Christians and, while giving no actual account of its institution by Jesus, portrays him as giving instructions, after his resurrection, for his followers to perform the rite (see Great Commission). It also gives interpretations by the Apostle Paul and in theFirst Epistle of Peter of the significance of baptism.

The New Testament

"Truly, truly, I say to you, unless one is born of water and the Spirit, he cannot enter the kingdom of God" John 3:5 RSV

The News Testament

"Christ loved the church and gave himself up for her, that he might sanctify her by the washing of water with the word, that he might present the church to himself in splendor, without spot or wrinkle or any such thing, that she might be holy and without blemish." Ephesians 5:25-27 RSV

The News Testament

"God's patience waited in the days of Noah, during the building of the ark, in which a few, that is, eight persons, were saved through water. Baptism, which corresponds to this, now saves you" 1 Peter 3:20-21 RSV

Matthew 28:16-20 New International Version (NIV)

The Great Commission 16 Then the eleven disciples went to Galilee, to the mountain where Jesus had told them to go. 17 When they saw him, they worshiped him; but some doubted. 18 Then Jesus came to them and said, All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to me. 19 Therefore go and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, 20 and teaching them to obey everything I have commanded you. And surely I am with you always, to the very end of the age.

BAPTISM
The first sacrament of initiation whereby a person is incorporated into the Christian community, cleansed from original sin, and receives new life (sanctifying grace) in Christ. (CFC)

THE HOLY EUCHARIST

The Last Supper appears in all three Synoptic Gospels: Matthew, Mark, and Luke; and in the First Epistle to the Corinthians, while the lastnamed of these also indicates something of how early Christians celebrated what Paul the Apostle called the Lord's Supper. As well as the Eucharistic dialogue in John chapter 6.

THE HOLY EUCHARIST

The Eucharist, also called Holy Communion, the Sacrament of the Altar, the Blessed Sacrament, the Lord's Supper, is an ecclesial act of the Body of Christ, of both Christ the head and we the members, instituted by Christ during the last supper as sacred meal, a memorial and a sacrifice in which the Risen Lord is really present constituting an eschatological pledge for future glory. (CFC)

RECONCILIATION
The writing of Hermes (140-150) is the first clear reference to a rite of reconciliation after baptism.

RECONCILIATION/CONFESSION / PENANCE/CONVERSION
Is a sacrament of healing whereby a baptized person obtains pardon from God for the sins committed after baptism and is reconciled to the Christian community. (CFC) (Healing, reconciliation, psychology)

HOLY ORDERS
The sacrament of apostolic ministry through which the mission entrusted by Christ to his Apostles continues to be exercised in the Church till the end of time. (CFC): Three degrees: Bishops Priests Deacons

ANOINTING OF THE SICK

The sacrament which through the laying on of hands, the prayer of faith, and the anointing with blessed oil, provides the sick with Christs healing grace of the Holy Spirit. (From extreme unction.. (CFC)

CONFIRMATION
The sacrament, in which through the power of the Holy Spirit , a baptized person is drawn into closer union with the Church and endowed with strength to actively spread the Gospel. (from soldier to partner) (CFC)

MARRIAGE
A sacrament of Christs love for His people, a saving symbolic act and life, grounded in Christs ministry, and continued in, by and for the Church, which when celebrated in faith, fashions the married couple into the likeness of Christ, by making them actually share in Gods own love and faithfulness through the power of the Holy Spirit. (negative to positive view of sexuality) (CFC)

The definition of sacrament antedates the theological understanding of the seven sacraments.

Protestants: Baptism and Eucharist Vatican II Theologians could go beyond 7.

20th Century: The inclusion of the Church and the Humanity of Jesus as sacraments.

The understanding of the Church as a basic sacrament makes no sense, in the writings of all theologians unless Jesus in his humanity, is also seen as a fundamental or primordial sacrament.

The two are understandable only in their mutuality

VATICAN II
By her relationship with Christ, the Church is a kind of sacrament or sign of intimate union with God and of the unity of all mankind. (LG 1) The Church is the universal sacrament of salvation. (GS 48)

The Church as sacrament implies that Jesus in His humanity is also a sacrament.

SUMMARY
I.

II.

III.

Jesus is the fundamental primordial sacrament of the Father and the Fathers great love. The Church is the basic sacrament of Jesus in the world. In the lingo of the Salesians of St. John Bosco. We are called to be signs and bearers of Christs life-giving and saving love.. The Seven Sacraments are our means for greater communion with God and deeper solidarity with our nieghbor.

ISANG PAGNINILAY
Marahil ay makakatulong at magiging mas makabuluhan ang ating magiging pagka-unawa sa katotohanan ng sakramento kung magkakaroon ng mga tinatawag na paradigm shifts o pagkambiyo ng pananaw.

Ang unang pagkambiyo ng pananaw ay ang pagtingin sa mga sakramento bilang a.purong ritwal lamang patungo sa mga sakramento bilang karanasan ng pakikipagtagpo kay Hesus sa bawat yugto ng ating mga buhay: Ang pagsilang at pasasalamat sa Diyos sa biyaya ng buhay sa binyag, ang pagpapalalim at pagpapatindi ng pananampalataya sa kumpil, ang pasasalamat at pagsasalu-salo sa Piging ng Panginoon sa kabila ng mapaghamong buhay sa Banal na Misa, ang paghilom sa kumpisal at pagpapahid ng langis, at ang pagtalima sa tawag ng Diyos sa Banal na Orden at Kasal.

Ang ikalawa naman ay pagbabago ng pananaw sa mga sakramento bilang b. mga bagay na tinatanggap (things received), patungo sa sakramento bilang pagkaranas ng pagtawid (rites of passage) kasama si Hesus at kapwa mananampalataya sa ibat-iba, ngunit magkakaugnay na yugto ng ating buhay.

At ang ikatlo ay ang pagbabago ng pananaw sa mga sakramento bilang c. pribadong pakikipagtagpo sa Diyos patungo sa mga sakramento bilang pagdiriwang ng pamayanang Kristiyano kasama si Hesus at ang bawat isa.

Kung maipauunawa lamang sana at magaganap lamang ang tatlong mga pagbabago ng pananaw na ito, sa aking palagay ay mas magiging malalim at makabuluhan ang pananampalataya

dahil mas napagtutuonan ng pansin ang mga napakahalagang aspeto ng ating pananampalataya: a. ang mas personal na pakikipagugnayan kay Hesus, b. ang kanyang pakikipaglakbay sa atin at ang katotohanang sumasabay Siya at ang Kanyang pamayanan sa bawat pagtawid natin sa buhay, at k. ang kolektibong paglalakbay ng sambayanang Kristiyano taglay ang diwat atas ni Hesus at ang hangad na itoy matugunan sa konkretong pamamaraan.
-David Sabino D. Orendain-

POINTERS
I.

II.
III. IV.

OVERVIEW OF THEOLOGY 3 HISTORY OF THE CHURC(E.I.M.M.) HISTORY OF SACRAMENTS THREE FUNADAMENTAL INSIGHTS MOSTLY MULTIPLE CHOICE A FEW ESSAY QUESTIONS