The normal function of traffic lights requires sophisticated contraband coordination to ensure that traffic moves as smoothly and

safely as possible and that pedestrians are protected when they cross the roads. A variety of different control systems are used to accomplish this, ranging from simple clockwork mechanisms to sophisticated computerized control and coordination systems that self-adjust to minimize delay to people using the road.

Traffic congestion has become problem not only in town but also in housing area and sub urban. This problem is due to rapid increase in number of vehicles. The objective of this project is to develop a traffic light system based on a real traffic light. This system is designed to control or make sure the smoothness of traffic during the peak hours.

Traffic light controller

.

This model using plc as

a controller.

The dc power supply is

responsible to give input signal to plc.

The presence of vehicle

during traffic jam will be sense by switch.

Traffic light controller

.

When switch is close the

power supply circuit is in close circuit.

For normal condition vehicle

wont trigger the sensor.So,sensor will not operate.

Towards the use and develop the traffic light control

system it also means that all decisions are made by computer.

Timer will b replaced with PLC .The whole process of

system will be monitored and controlled by PLC.

Here fig shows the main structure of a plc system .

PLC

How it operates ?
Every lane and traffic light

signals have been labeled with A,B,C and D to separate each lane and traffic light.
Each traffic light lane has

their set of traffic signals red, green and yellow.

It changes from red to green And then yellow after that

back to red signal.

How it operates ?
Each lane also has two

limit switches represent as a sensor on road.

The first sensor is placed

in front of lane to detect the presence of car at junction and the second sensor is placed on certain length from first sensor to determine the volume of car at that lane.

From this combination of sensor we will know the expected time for green signal on which each lane change to green signal.

How it operates ?

Control diagram of traffic light controller

referene signal or input controller Smooth flow of traffic PLC and traffic police plant Traffic signal Actuator lights

output
Smooth flow of traffic

Traffic intensity , measuring sensors. EM waves

feed back

Benefits include
Increasing the traffic handling

capacity of roads.
Reduce accidents, both

vehicular and pedestrian. Encourages travel within the speed limit to meet green lights.
Reduce unnecessary stopping

and starting of traffic - this in turn reduces fuel consumption, air pollution, noise and vehicle wear and tear.