Chapter 24 The Male Reproductive System

Components
Scrotum Testes Duct system Penis Accessory glands

24.1

Scrotum

Skin Dartos muscle (smooth) Septum Cremaster muscle (skeletal)

24.2

Scrotum

Temperature
Optimal for sperm development is 3C below body temp (~91 F) Controlled by muscles

Spermatic cord
Testicular artery Plexus of veins Nerves vas deferens 24.2

Testes gross anatomy

~4 cm long, 2.5 cm wide Tunica vaginalis Tunica albuginea (capsule) Septa

250-300 lobules Seminiferous tubules

Epididymis
24.3

Descent of the Testes

3 mos.

7 mos.

birth

24.29

Seminiferous tubules

Spermatogenic cells Spermatogenesis begins at puberty ~400 million sperm/day

24.3b

Spermatogenic cells

Spermatogonia
On basal lamina Mitosis

Primary spermatocytes
1st meiotic division

Secondary spermatocytes
2nd meiotic division

Spermatid
Haploid 4 from each 1 spermatocyte
24.4b

Seminiferous tubules

Spermatogenesis Spermatogonia 1 spermatocyte 2 spermatocyte Spermatid

24.4c

Hormones

Spermatogenesis controlled by
FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) from pituitary Testosterone from Leydig (interstitial) cells of testes secretions from Sertoli cells

Spermiogenesis
Spermatid spermatozoan Head

Nucleus Acrosome (lysosome)

Midpiece
Base of tail Mitochondria

Tail
Long flagellum
24.5

Spermiogenesis

Spermatid spermatozoan

24.5

Sustentacular (Sertoli) cells

Nurse cells Extend from basal lamina to lumen Connected to each other by tight junctions Nourish spermatogenic cells Transport spermatogenic cells Phagocytize excess cytoplasm Secretions regulate spermatogenesis
24.4c

Sustentacular cells
2 Sertoli cells with associated spermatogenesis cells.

24.4c

Interstitial (Leydig) cells

Secretes testosterone sER for steroid production Controlled by LH from pituitary

24.3b

Ducts
Epididymis Ductus deferens Ejaculatory duct (urethra)

24.1

Epididymis
Located in scrotum Between seminiferous tubules and vas deferens ~6 m long

24.3a

Epididymis

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

With stereocilia (long microvilli) Smooth muscle Sperm mature and stored

24.6a

Ductus (vas) deferens

From scrotum to pelvis Forms ejaculatory duct with seminal vesicle duct Empties into prostatic urethra Thick muscularis Propels sperm during ejaculation

24.1

Ductus deferens

Microscopic anatomy Pseudostratified epithelium Lamina propria Muscularis

Inner longitudinal Middle circular Outer longitudinal

24.6b

Urethra
Shared with urinary system Prostatic urethra Membranous urethra Spongy (penile) urethra

24.8

Accessory Glands

Seminal vesicle
60% of semen Fructose to nourish sperm

24.1

Prostate Gland

Prostate gland Surrounds prostatic urethra 30% of semen Supports sperm

24.9

Penis

Thin skin Spongy urethra Erectile bodies Corpus spongiosum 2 corpora cavernosa Capsule Vascular spaces

24.8

Epididymis slide
At class website. In PowerPoint file for male reproductive system. http://www.southalabama.edu/biomedic al/311Anatomy/BMD311.htm

Erection

Sexual excitement (parasympathetic) blood flow to erectile bodies Squeezes veins shut blood pressure in erectile bodies

24.8

Ejaculation
Sympathetic activation Peristaltic contraction of smooth muscles in ducts and glands ejaculation Constriction of arteries blood pressure in erectile bodies

24.8