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The sixty-six books of the Old and New Testament make up the Holy Scriptures. God has given us the Bible to reveal his will and to point us to salvation. Scripture is:
The source of the knowledge essential for salvation. 2 Timothy 3:16-17 The revealer of right doctrine and Gods will. John 17:17; Isaiah 8:20 The record of Gods dealings with mankind. 1 Corinthians 10:11 All Scripture is Christ-centered. John 5:39-40
The Bible is Gods inspired and infallible message to humanity and must be studied with his guidance. We must not add to or subtract from it. The Scriptures bear Gods authority, not mans. 2 Peter 1:20-21 Human beings need the Holy Spirits guidance to understand God as he is revealed in Scripture. 1 Corinthians 2:9-14 We should study all parts of the Bible to find truth. Luke 24:27,44 Daily Bible study is important to keep us from deception. Acts 17:11
2. THE TRINITY
There is one God: Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, a unity of three co-eternal Persons. God is immortal, all-powerful, all-knowing, above all, and ever present. He is infinite and beyond human comprehension, yet known through his self-revelation. He is forever worthy of worship, adoration, and service by the whole creation.
There is only one God, yet we know him as three persons who are revealed in Scripture as the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. The Bible makes no attempt to resolve the riddle of the Trinity, the three in one.
The Lord is one God. Deuteronomy 6:4 All three persons were involved in creation. Genesis 1:1-2; John 1:1, 14 All three persons were evident at Jesus baptism. Matthew 3:16-17 The Apostolic blessing acknowledge of three persons. 2 Corinthians 13:14
God is beyond our comprehension, but he has chosen to make himself known to those who seek him.
We must seek God to know him. Jeremiah 29:13 Seeking God should be our first priority. Matthew 6:33 Gods ultimate revelation of himself is in Jesus Christ. Hebrews 1:1-2; John 1:18, 14:9
God is all-wise, all sufficient, and is worthy of our worship. He is: Eternal- He has always existed and always will. Psalm 90:2 Omnipresent- He is everywhere at all times. Psalm 139:7-10 Omnipotent- He is all powerful. Matthew 19:26 Omniscient- He knows all, and is especially interested in humanity. Isaiah 46:9-10, Matthew 6:8 Immutable- He does not change. James 1:17 Interested in each person and the small details of life. Matthew 10:29-30 Worthy of worship. Revelation 4:11
3. THE FATHER
God the Eternal Father is the Creator, Source, Sustainer, and Sovereign of all creation. He is just and holy, merciful and gracious, slow to anger, and abounding in steadfast love and faithfulness. The qualities and powers exhibited in the Son and the Holy Spirit are also revelations of the Father.
God the Father is the Creator, Source, Sustainer and Ruler of all creation. He is in no sense detached or aloof from his created beings and their needs but daily gives them life. He created all things. Genesis 1:1; Revelation 4:11 He is the source of all life. Acts 17:28-29; Psalm 36:9 He sustains all life. Psalm 104:27-30 He is Sovereign over all the universe for all eternity. 1 Corinthians 15:28 He abounds in love and faithfulness. Deuteronomy 7:9; Exodus 34:6
Gods holiness and justice which requires that sinners be destroyed are mingled with his love, mercy, and grace that make forgiveness and salvation available to all who will receive them.
He is just, holy, and merciful. Exodus 34:7 He extends his grace to us. 1 John 1:9; John 3:16
The characteristics of the Father are also seen in the Son and Holy Spirit.
The Fathers character is revealed by Jesus. John 14:9; Hebrews 1:2-3 The Holy Spirit reveals the Father and Son to us. John 16:13-15
4. THE SON
God the eternal Son became incarnate Jesus Christ. Through him all things were created, the character of God is revealed, the salvation of humanity is accomplished, and the world is judged. Forever truly God, he became also truly man, Jesus the Christ. He was conceived of the Holy Spirit and born of the virgin Mary. He lived and experienced temptation as a human being, but perfectly exemplified the righteousness and love of God. By his miracles he manifested Gods power and was attested as Gods promised Messiah.
God demonstrated his concern for humanity by sending his Son, Jesus Christ, the promised Messiah, to live on earth as a human being to save us. He was conceived of the Holy Spirit and born of a virgin. Luke 1:26-27, 35 He is truly God and truly human. Colossians 1:15-16 He is our Creator. John 1:1-3, 10, 14; Colossians 1:15-16 He is our Saviour and our Judge. Romans 6:23; John 3:16; 5:22
While on earth, Jesus gained victory over Satan, revealed Gods true character, and died for us.
He experienced temptation, but did not sin. Hebrews 4:15; John 3:5 He demonstrated the power of God. John 6:14, 20:30-31 He perfectly exemplified Gods character. John 14:9 He voluntarily died in our place for our sins. 1 Corinthians 15:3-4
Jesus rose from the dead, returned to heaven, and will come again in glory to take his people to be with him.
His resurrection assures eternal life to all who accept him as Saviour. 1 Corinthians 15:20-23 He is now serving as our high priest in heaven. Hebrews 7:25, 8:1-2, 9:24 He will come again to deliver his people. Acts 1:1011; John 14:1-3 He will restore the earth to its original perfection. Revelation 21:1
God the Eternal Spirit was active with the Father and the Son in Creation, incarnation, and redemption. He inspired the writers of Scripture. He filled Christs life with power. He draws and convicts human beings; and those who respond he renews and transforms into the image of God. Sent by the Father and the Son to be always with his children, he extends spiritual gifts to the church, empowers it to bear witness to Christ, and in harmony with the Scriptures, leads it into all truth.
The Holy Spirit is one person of the Godhead. He was active in the world even before God created life on earth. He inspired the writing of the Bible.
He was active in the work of Creation. Genesis 1:1-2 He was active in the incarnation of Christ. Luke 1:35 He played an active role in Christs redemptive work on earth. Luke 4:18 He inspired those who wrote the Bible. 2 Peter 1:21
The Spirit is active today in drawing people to God and in assisting Christians.
He attracts people to God. Revelation 22:17 He convicts people of their sinfulness and need of Gods forgiveness. John 16:7-13 He brings about the new birth. John 3:3-8 He leads the church into all truth. John 14:26, 15:26-27 The truth he leads to is in harmony with the Bible. Isaiah 8:20 He is always with us, comforting and helping us. John 14:16-18 He gives spiritual gifts to the church. Ephesians 4:11-12
He empowers the the church to bear witness to Christ. Acts 1:8 He can be grieved away if we ignore his promptings. Ephesians 4:30 The Christians body is the Spirits temple. 1 Corinthians 6:19-20 We are sealed by the Spirit as children of God. Ephesians 1:13-14
6. CREATION
God is Creator of all things, and has revealed in Scripture the authentic account of his creative activity. In six days the Lord made the heaven and the earth and all living things upon the earth, and rested on the seventh day of that first week. Thus he established the Sabbath as a perpetual memorial of his completed creative work. The first man and woman were made in the image of God as the crowning work of Creation, given dominion over the world, and charged with the responsibility to care for it.
God created all things through the Son, and the Bible gives the authentic account of his activity during creation week. The Sabbath memorializes his work and the origin of our world. He created all things through the Son. Hebrews 1:1-2 God created all things by his word. Psalm 33:6 All life on earth was created during the six-day creation week. Genesis 1&2 Everything was perfect in Gods original creation. Genesis 1:31 The Sabbath is a memorial of Gods completed creative work. Genesis 2:1-3; Exodus 20:8-11
Human beings, made in the image of God, are the crowning work of Gods creation, and are placed in the earth to care for it.
We are made in the image of God. Genesis 1:26-27 We are given dominion over the world. Psalm 8
Man and woman were made in the image of God with individuality, the power and freedom to think and to do. Though created free beings, each is an indivisible unity of body, mind, and spirit, dependent upon God for life and breath and all else. When our first parents disobeyed God, they denied their dependence upon him and fell from their high position under God. The image of God in them was marred and they became subject to death.
Human beings are Gods special creation---made in his own image. Like God we have the power of choice . God wants us to choose to love him and to care for our world and its inhabitants. We are created by God in his image. Genesis 1:26-27 God places the breath of life, or spirit, within us, making us living souls-a unity of body and spirit. We have no soul that can exist apart from this unity of body and spirit. Genesis 2:7 God gives the power of choice, but we remain dependent of him. Acts 17:24-28 God wants us to learn to love as he loves. Matthew 22:35-40 We should take care of Gods creation. Psalm 8:4-8
The image of God in mankind became marred when Adam and Eve sinned in Eden. We are now born with tendencies toward evil and are subject to sin and death. Adam and Eves wrong use of the power of choice resulted from trying to be independent of God. Genesis 3 Because of their sin, all their descendants are subject to death. Romans 5:12-17 Our natural inborn tendencies are toward evil. Psalm 51:5; Ephesians 2:3
Although we are born with sinful tendencies, God does not reject us. He sees what we can become through his grace.
Jesus life and death reconciles us to God. Romans 5:6-11; 2 Corinthians 5:19-20 God gives us his Holy Spirit to restore his image in us. Psalm 51:10-11;
All humanity is now involved in a great controversy between Christ and Satan regarding the character of God, his law, and his sovereignty over the universe. This conflict originated in heaven when a created being, endowed with freedom of choice, in selfexaltation became Satan, Gods adversary, and led into rebellion a portion of the angels. He introduced the spirit of rebellion into this world when he led Adam and Eve into sin.
The root cause of all the evil we see on earth today is Lucifers (Satan) rebellion against God, which has led to a universe-wide conflict.
The conflict began in heaven. Revelation 12:4-9 Satan was created perfect. Ezekiel 28:12-18 Satans pride led him to want to be equal to God. Isaiah 14:12-14
When he was cast out of heaven, Satan came to earth and tempted Adam and Eve to join his rebellion. Their fall changed earth from a paradise to a battlefield. All the inhabitants of the universe have witnessed the results of Satans work here. When Adam and Eve followed Satan in rebellion, all of mankind became tainted by sin. Genesis 3 Sin has distorted the image of God in mankind. Romans 1:19-32 Sin caused Gods beautiful creation to become so vile that he had to destroy it in a flood. All of creation watches events here, waiting for redemption of Gods children. Romans 8:19-22
Gods sends his Son, his spirit, and his angels to help us in our struggles against evil. Romans 5:15-21 In the end, all the universe will see that Gods way is right and Satans way wrong, and God will be vindicated as the only just ruler for the universe.
Every knee will finally bow to Christ. Philippians 2:511 All will acknowledge Christ as worthy of worship. Revelation 5:11-14
In Christs life of perfect obedience to Gods will, his suffering, death, and resurrection, God provided the only means of atonement for human sin, so that those who by faith accept this atonement may have eternal life, and the whole creation may better understand the infinite and holy love of the Creator.
Christs life, death, and resurrection reveal Gods righteous character and make eternal life available to all who accept it. Only Christ could accomplish redemption. Acts 4:12; Hebrew 7:26-27 Those who accept Christ as Lord and Saviour receive eternal life. John 3:16 Christs life and death show that God deals justly with us. Romans 3:23:26 Through his death, Jesus provided atonement for us and demonstrated Gods great love for us. In resurrection, he triumphed over Satan and death.
He bore the penalty for my sin in my place. Romans 3:25-26, 4:25, 8:3 He triumphed over Satan at his resurrection. Colossians 2:15; 1 Peter 3:21-22 Christs life of perfect obedience and his atoning death show that obedience is possible as the Holy Spirit empowers us. Christs resurrection provides assurance of eternal life for his children. Jesus obeyed Gods law. John 15:10; 1 Peter 2:21-22 Jesus obedience and the Spirits empowering make our obedience possible. Romans 8:3-4 Jesus resurrection assures ours. 1 Corinthians 15:2022
In infinite love and mercy God made Christ, who knew him no sin, to be sin for us, so that in him we might be made the righteousness of God. Led by the Holy Spirit we sense our need, acknowledge our sinfulness, repent of our transgressions, and exercise faith in Jesus as Lord and Christ, as Substitute and Example. This faith which receives salvation comes through the divine power of the Word and is the gift of Gods grace.
All human beings need to be saved. We are sinful by nature and need to admit and repent of our sins, and receive Christ as our sinless substitute. We have all sinned and come short of Gods glory. Romans 3:23 Our sinfulness alienates us from God and alienation leads to further sin. Romans 8:5-8 The Holy Spirit points out our need for repentance. John 16:7-8 We need to recognize and admit our sinfulness. 1 John 1:8-10 We need to repent. Acts 2:38 We cannot save ourselves, we need a Saviour. Titus 3::3-7
Through faith we receive our Saviour who forgives us for our past, gives us assurance of eternal life, brings about our adoption as sons and daughters of God, and gives us power to live holy lives.
Faith and salvation are Gods gifts to us. Ephesians 2:5-10, Luke 17:5 We receive faith through hearing the word of God. Romans 10:17 By faith we accept Jesus as our Saviour. John 3:16 By faith we receive forgiveness and justification. Romans 3:21-26 By faith we are adopted as Gods children.
By faith we are delivered from evil and given the assurance of eternal life. Galatians 1:4; 1 John 5:13 By faith we are born again to a new life. John 3:3-8; 1 Peter 1:23 By faith we are changed to be more like God. Romans 12:2, 2 Corinthians 5:17-21, 2 Peter 1:3-4 By faith we receive power to live a holy life. Ezekiel 36:25-27, Romans 8:1-4 God has promised to write his law of love on our hearts to help us obey from the heart. Hebrew 8:7-12 God promises to forgive us as we confess our sins. 1 John 1:7-9
When we become Christians, we become a part of Christs church. The church is described as Christs body, and he is the head. Church members need to keep in close contact with Christ and with each other through meeting regularly for worship.
The church is Christs body. 1 Corinthians 12:12-13 Christ is the head. Ephesians 1:22-23 The church is also described as Christ's bride which he is preparing for the great marriage in heaven. 2 Corinthians 11:2, Revelation 19:7-8 Acceptance of Christ brings adoption into the family of God. John 1:12-13, Ephesians 2:19-22
Acceptance of Christ leads to separation from worldly practices. 1 John 2:15, 2 Corinthians 6:16-18 God had a special congregation in Old Testament times too. Genesis 12:3, Acts 7:38 Christians need to meet together for worship and encouragement. Hebrews 10:24-25 We should invest our gifts, energies, and abilities in building up the church. Ephesians 4:11-15 Christ has given his church authority and a mission on the earth. Its authority is founded upon himself as the Word of God, and upon his word, the Bible. My mission as a church member is to lead others from the world into Christs church. Matthew 28:19-20 In answer to prayers, Christ gives his church the ability to make decisions in harmony with his will. Matt 16:1320
The universal church is composed of all who truly believe in Christ, but in the last days, a time of widespread apostasy, a remnant has been called to keep the commandments of God and the faith of Jesus. This remnant announces the arrival of the judgment hour, proclaims salvation through Christ, and heralds the approach of his second advent. This proclamation is symbolized by the three angels of Revelation 14; it coincides with the work of judgment in heaven and results in a work of repentance and reform on earth.
In these last days God has a special people called the remnant. They may be described as those who remain loyal to him in a time of terrible apostasy.
Revelation predicts that the remnant will exist after the persecution of the dark ages. Revelation 12:13-17 God calls out his special remnant in a time of terrible apostasy. Revelation 18:1-4 The remnant are faithful to Gods commandments. Revelation 12: 17, 14:12 The remnant have the testimony of Jesus (i.e.) The spirit of Prophecy- the prophetic gift. Revelation 12: 17, 19: 10
The remnant proclaim the urgent message about the commencement of the time of judgment, salvation through, and the nearness of his second coming.
They point to salvation through Christ alone. Revelation 12:10-11 They proclaim the message of the judgment hour. Revelation 14:6-12 This message is a reference to the judgment that takes place in heaven before Christ returns to earth. Daniel 7:9-10, 13-14 They proclaim the nearness of Christs return. 2 Peter 3:10-14
The church is one body with many members, called from every nation, kindred, tongue, and people. In Christ we are a new creation; distinctions of race, culture, learning, and nationality, and differences between high and low, rich and poor, male and female, must not be divisive among us. We are all equal in Christ, who by one Spirit has bonded us into one fellowship with one another; we are to serve and be served without partiality or reservation.
Just as the Father, Son, and Spirit are one, so should the members of the church be united. John 17:20 23 As Gods children we are a united family. Ephesians 4:16 Despite their widely varied backgrounds, Christians are a new creation and are united in full equality in Christ. No matter what we are like before we accepted Christ , we become part of one body in Him. Romans 12:4-5; 1 Cor 12:12-14 There are no class distinctions in Gods sight. 2 Cor 5:16-17; Acts 17:26-27
Love toward one another should characterize the members of Christs body. John 13:34-35; 1 John 3:14 In Christ all class distinctions dissolve and we become one people; joint heirs of Gods promises to Abraham. Galatians 3:27-29
14. BAPTISM
By baptism we confess our faith in the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ , and testify of our death to sin and of our purpose to walk in newness of life. Thus we acknowledge Christ as Lord and Savior, become his people, we are received as members by his church. Baptism is a symbol of our union with Christ, the forgiveness of our sins, and our reception of the Holy Spirit. It is by immersion in water and is contingent on an affirmation of faith in Jesus and evidence of repentance of sin. It follows instruction in the Holy Scriptures and acceptance of their teachings.
Baptism is the door to the church and is essential for all who to unite with the body of Christ. We all need baptism. Acts 2:38 Belief in Jesus should be followed by baptism. Acts 8:12, 16:30-33 Believers receive the promise of the Holy Spirit in their lives. Acts 2:38 Baptism symbolizes forgiveness and cleansing. Acts 22:16 Baptism unites us with Christ in his death and resurrection. Romans 6:1-6 Baptism unites us with the body of Christ, his church. 1 Cor 12:12-13 Baptism is by immersion. Acts 8:36-38, John 3:23
Scriptural References
Ps 1:1, 2; 23:4; 77:11, 12; Col 1:13, 14; 2:6, 14, 15; Luke 10:17-20; Eph 5:19, 20; 6:12-18; 1 Thess 5:23; 2 Peter 2:9; 3:18; 2 Cor. 3:17, 18; Phil 3:7-14; 1 Thess 5:16-18; Matt 20:25-28; John 20:21; Gal 5:22-25; Rom 8:38, 39; 1 John 4:4; Heb 10:25
Scriptural References
(1 Cor. 10:16, 17; 11:23-30; Matt. 26:17-30; Rev. 3:20; John 6:48-63; 13:1-17.)
God bestows upon all members of His church in every age spiritual gifts which each member is to employ in loving ministry for the common good of the church and of humanity. Given by the agency of the Holy Spirit, who apportions to each member as He wills, the gifts provide all abilities and ministries needed by the church to fulfill its divinely ordained functions. According to the Scriptures, these gifts include such ministries as faith, healing, prophecy, proclamation, teaching, administration, reconciliation, compassion, and self-sacrificing service and charity for the help and encouragement of people.
Scriptural References
(Rom. 12:4-8; 1 Cor. 12:9-11, 27, 28; Eph. 4:8, 11-16; Acts 6:1-7; 1 Tim. 3:1-13; 1 Peter 4:10, 11.)
One of the gifts of the Holy Spirit is prophecy. This gift is an identifying mark of the remnant church and was manifested in the ministry of Ellen. G. White . As the Lord's messenger, her writings are a continuing and authoritative source of truth which provide for the church comfort, guidance, instruction, and correction. They also make clear that the Bible is the standard by which all teaching and experience must be tested.
Scriptural References
(Joel 2:28, 29; Acts 2:14-21; Heb. 1:1-3; Rev. 12:17; 19:10.)
Scriptural References
(Ex. 20:1-17; Ps. 40:7, 8; Matt. 22:36-40; Deut. 28:1-14; Matt. 5:17-20; Heb. 8:8-10; John 15:7-10; Eph.2:8-10; 1 John 5:3; Rom. 8:3, 4; Ps. 19:7-14.)
Scriptural References
(Gen. 2:1-3; Ex. 20:8-11; Luke 4:16; Isa. 56:5, 6; 58:13, 14; Matt. 12:1-12; Ex. 31:1317; Eze.20:12, 20; Deut. 5:12-15; Heb. 4:111; Lev. 23:32; Mark 1:32.)
21. STEWARDSHIP
We are God's stewards, entrusted by Him with time and opportunities, abilities and possessions, and the blessings of the earth and its resources. We are responsible to Him for their proper use. We acknowledge God's ownership by faithful service to Him and our fellow men, and by returning tithes and giving offerings for the proclamation of His gospel and the support and growth of His church. Stewardship is a privilege given to us by God for nurture in love and the victory over selfishness and covetousness. The steward rejoices in the blessings that come to others as a result of his faithfulness.
Scriptural References
(Gen. 1:26-28; 2:15; 1 Chron. 29:14; Haggai 1:3-11; Mal. 3:8-12; 1 Cor. 9:9-14; Matt. 23:23; 2 Cor. 8:1-15; Rom. 15:26, 27.)
CHRISTIAN BEHAVIOUR CONTD. Along with adequate exercise and rest, we are to adopt the most healthful diet possible and abstain from the unclean foods identified in the Scriptures. Since alcoholic beverages, tobacco, and the irresponsible use of drugs and narcotics are harmful to our bodies, we are to abstain from them as well. Instead, we are to engage in whatever brings our thoughts and bodies into the discipline of Christ, who desires our wholesomeness, joy, and goodness.
Scriptural References
(Rom. 12:1, 2; 1 John 2:6; Eph. 5:1-21; Phil. 4:8; 2 Cor. 10:5; 6:14-7:1; 1 Peter 3:1-4; 1 Cor. 6:19, 20; 10:31; Lev. 11:1-47; 3 John 2.)
Scriptural References
(Gen. 2:18-25; Matt. 19:3-9; John 2:1-11; 2 Cor. 6:14; Eph. 5:21-33; Matt. 5:31, 32; Mark 10:11, 12; Luke 16:18; 1 Cor. 7:10, 11; Ex. 20:12; Eph. 6:1-4; Deut. 6:5-9; Prov. 22:6; Mal. 4:5, 6.)
In that typical service the sanctuary was cleansed with the blood of animal sacrifices, but the heavenly things are purified with the perfect sacrifice of the blood of Jesus. The investigative judgment reveals to heavenly intelligences who among the dead are asleep in Christ and therefore, in Him, are deemed worthy to have part in the first resurrection. It also makes manifest who among the living are abiding in Christ, keeping the commandments of God and the faith of Jesus, and in Him, therefore, are ready for translation into His everlasting kingdom. This judgment vindicates the justice of God in saving those who believe in Jesus. It declares that those who have remained loyal to God shall receive the kingdom. The completion of this ministry of Christ will mark the close of human probation before the Second Advent.
Scriptural Reference
(Heb. 8:1-5; 4:14-16; 9:11-28; 10:19-22; 1:3; 2:16, 17; Dan. 7:9-27; 8:13, 14; 9:2427; Num. 14:34; Eze. 4:6; Lev. 16; Rev. 14:6, 7; 20:12; 14:12; 22:12.)
Scriptural References
(Titus 2:13; Heb. 9:28; John 14:1-3; Acts 1:911; Matt. 24:14; Rev. 1:7; Matt. 24:43, 44; 1 Thess. 4:13-18; 1 Cor. 15:51-54; 2 Thess. 1:710; 2:8; Rev. 14:14-20; 19:11-21; Matt. 24; Mark 13; Luke 21; 2 Tim. 3:1-5; 1 Thess. 5:1-6.)
The wages of sin is death. But God, who alone is immortal, will grant eternal life to His redeemed. Until that day death is an unconscious state for all people. When Christ, who is our life, appears, the resurrected righteous and the living righteous will be glorified and caught up to meet their Lord. The second resurrection, the resurrection of the unrighteous, will take place a thousand years later.
Scriptural References
(Rom. 6:23; 1 Tim. 6:15, 16; Eccl. 9:5, 6; Ps. 146:3, 4; John 11:11-14; Col. 3:4; 1 Cor. 15:51-54; 1 Thess. 4:13-17; John 5:28, 29; Rev. 20:1-10.)
The millennium is the thousand-year reign of Christ with His saints in heaven between the first and second resurrections. During this time the wicked dead will be judged; the earth will be utterly desolate, without living human inhabitants, but occupied by Satan and his angels. At its close Christ with His saints and the Holy City will descend from heaven to earth. The unrighteous dead will then be resurrected, and with Satan and his angels will surround the city; but fire from God will consume them and cleanse the earth. The universe will thus be freed of sin and sinners forever.
Scriptural References
(Rev. 20; 1 Cor. 6:2, 3; Jer. 4:23-26; Rev. 21:15; Mal. 4:1; Eze. 28:18,19.)
Scriptural References
(2 Peter 3:13; Isa. 35; 65:17-25; Matt. 5:5; Rev. 21:1-7; 22:1-5; 11:15.)