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Introduction

GIS

Decision Making

Integration

Recent Devt

Conclusions

Agung Wahyudi Promoter: Prof Marc Van Meirvenne Co-promoter: ir. Liesbet Cockx

Introduction
Home Introduction GIS Decision Making Integration Recent Devt Conclusions

Geographic Information System

How They Integrate?
Loose integration Tight Integration Interoperable

Decision Making

Data Data Management Manipulation and Analysis Output Fundamental

evaluation criteria, decision alts & constraints criterion weighing, decision rules, and Advanced
Statistical Modeling Mathematical Modeling

sensitivity analysis

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What is GIS
Home Introduction GIS
Theory

Decision Making
Example

Integration

Recent Devt

Conclusions

Data Data Management

Conventional Statistics are based on random, independent variables

that assume zero continuity and allow for no extension of each data value.

Manipulation and Analysis

Fundamental Advanced
Statistical Modeling Mathematical Modeling Output

Spatial Statistics is focuses on the spatial association between values

observed at different locations (spatial dependency) and the systematic variation of phenomena by location (spatial heterogeneity or non-stationary)

Optimization is a normative approach to identify the best

solution for a given decision problem

Simulation is a methodology for performing experiments

using a model of the real world system.

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What is GIS
Home Introduction GIS
Theory

Decision Making
Example

Integration

Recent Devt

Conclusions

Advanced function. Network analysis from ArcGIS consensus weighting procedures and heuristics allow the evaluation and allocation of land for multi-objective planning Tools for multi-objective/multi-criteria decision support from IDRISI.
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Decision Making
Home Introduction
Evaluation Criteria

GIS
Decision Alts& Constraint

Decision Making
Criterion Weighing

Integration
Decision Rule

Recent Devt
Sensitivity Analysis

Conclusions

Problem Definition

Intelligence Phase GIS

To maximize soil fertility

Evaluation Criteria Constraints

Evaluation Criteria involves;

Decision Matrix Alternatives

Decision-Makers Preferences

A comprehensive set of objectives that reflects all concerns relevant to the decision problem, and Measures for achieving those objectives

Decision Rules

Design Phase MCDM

The set of evaluation criteria can be developed through;

examination of relevant literature, analytical studies, and survey of opinions

Sensitivity Analysis

Choice Phase MCDM/GIS

Recommendation

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Decision Making
Home Introduction
Evaluation Criteria

GIS
Decision Alts& Constraint

Decision Making
Criterion Weighing

Integration
Decision Rule

Recent Devt
Sensitivity Analysis

Conclusions

Problem Definition

Intelligence Phase GIS

Evaluation Criteria

Constraints

Decision is a choice between alternatives

Decision Matrix

Alternatives

The alternatives may represent different courses of action, different hypothesis, different land allocation, and so on.

Decision-Makers Preferences

Decision Rules

Design Phase MCDM

Decision variables can be grouped into deterministic, random, linguistic variables

Sensitivity Analysis

Choice Phase MCDM/GIS

Constraints are limitations imposed by nature or by human

beings that do not permit certain action to be taken

Recommendation

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Decision Making
Home Introduction
Evaluation Criteria

GIS
Decision Alts& Constraint

Decision Making
Criterion Weighing

Integration
Decision Rule

Recent Devt
Sensitivity Analysis

Conclusions

Problem Definition

Intelligence Phase GIS

Evaluation Criteria

Constraints

A criterion is some basis for decision that can be measured and evaluated.

Decision Matrix

Alternatives

Decision-Makers Decision-Makers Preferences Preferences

The decision makers preferences with respect to the evaluation criteria are incorporated into the decision model.

Decision Rules

Design Phase MCDM

Pairwise comparison method was developed by Saaty in the context of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). This method involves pairwise comparisons to create a ratio matrix.

Sensitivity Analysis

Choice Phase MCDM/GIS

Recommendation

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Decision Making
Home Introduction
Evaluation Criteria

GIS
Decision Alts& Constraint

Decision Making
Criterion Weighing

Integration
Decision Rule

Recent Devt
Sensitivity Analysis

Conclusions

Problem Definition

Intelligence Phase GIS

decision rules dictate which alternative is preferred to another.

Constraints

Evaluation Criteria

Decision Matrix

Alternatives

Decision Rule The procedure by which criteria are combined to arrive at a particular evaluation, and by which evaluations are compared and acted upon.

Decision-Makers Preferences

Decision Rules

Design Phase MCDM

Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) are the most often techniques used. This techniques are also called scoring methods since the decision maker directly assign certain weight to relative importance attributes.

Sensitivity Analysis

Choice Phase MCDM/GIS

Recommendation

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Decision Making
Home Introduction
Evaluation Criteria

GIS
Decision Alts& Constraint

Decision Making
Criterion Weighing

Integration
Decision Rule

Recent Devt
Sensitivity Analysis

Conclusions

Problem Definition

Intelligence Phase GIS

Evaluation Criteria

Constraints

if the weight change, will the final ranks vary?

Decision Matrix

Alternatives

Sensitivity analysis is a procedure for determining how

the recommended course of action is affected by changes in the inputs of the analysis.

Decision-Makers Preferences

Sensitivity of Weight by giving small changes in

Design Phase MCDM value of attributes

Decision Rules

Monte Carlo simulation is a way of evaluating a large

number of possible scenarios.
Choice Phase MCDM/GIS

Sensitivity Analysis

Recommendation

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How They Integrate

Home Introduction GIS Decision Making
Loose

Integration
Tight

Recent Devt
Interoperable

Conclusions

Loose coupling strategy combines the capabilities of separate models for GIS functions and MCDM by transferring files. to works in GISMCDM model we have to switch between GIS software, database/spreadsheet software, and MCDM software very often

Loose Coupling; MC-SDSS

GIS User Interface Shared Files MCDM User Interface

User

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How They Integrate

Home Introduction GIS Decision Making
Loose

Integration
Tight

Recent Devt
Interoperable

Conclusions

Tight Coupling; MC-SDSS GIS Shared Files User Interface MCDM

Tightly or close integration strategy is based on a single data or model manager and a common user interface. With this strategy, there is no need to leave the GIS to run multicriteria decision analysis

User

IDRISI Decision Analysis Module ArcGIS 9 Statistical Analysis Module

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How They Integrate

Home Introduction GIS Decision Making
Loose

Integration
Tight

Recent Devt
Interoperable

Conclusions

Interoperable Interoperable is the ability of two or more software components to directly cooperate/communicate despite of their differences in programming language, interface, and execution platform

Code

GIS database

Spatial Analysis Software

VBA (Visual Basic Application) code for AHP Excel Application VBA (Visual Basic Application) code for GIS AS (Advisor System) Module VBA (Visual Basic Application) code to deploy ADO (Microsoft Active Data Object) Eldrandaly et.al. (2003)
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Recent Development
Home Introduction GIS Decision Making Integration Recent Devt Conclusions

GIS systems have evolved from a close expert oriented to an open user-oriented technology

An integration of MCDA and geo-computation can enhance the GIS-MCDA capabilities of handling larger and more diverse spatial data sets.

GIS and decision making would likely to come in interoperable geoprocessing services that can be chained to build specific spatial decision support services

GIS and decision making will moves to distributed systems where everyone have an access to use it.

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Conclusions
Home Introduction GIS Decision Making Integration Recent Devt Conclusions

We have reviewed the most important component of GIS and decision making

GIS and decision making is different from common feature of GIS.

GIS in the decision making framework still contains some limitation, the most important criticism in GIS is that GIS has limited ability to compare and asses different scenarios of alternatives

In the framework of decision making, it is argued that GIS can only play significant role in intelligence phase, whereas in choice phase GIS has some limitation to play its role

In the way to integrate Multicriteria Decision Making (MCDA) and GIS, there are three methods that can be proposed; loose coupling, tight coupling, and interoperable

Recent development within the GIS and decision making framework are related with the development of interoperable software

Further experiment to solve real world spatial problems is still challenging especially in the framework of soil science and decision making

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Closing
Home Introduction GIS Decision Making Integration Recent Devt Conclusions

Thank You

Terima Kasih

Merci Beaucoup
Danke je Wel Vielen Dank Gracias

Kyay zuu
Cm n Shukron Arigato gozaimas Xie xie Dhanyabad

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Closing
Home Introduction Case Study GIS Decision Making Integration Recent Devt Conclusions

Thank You Mercy Danke Wel Xie xie Terima Kasih Keumeun Shukron

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Case Study
Home Introduction Case Study GIS Decision Making Integration Recent Devt Conclusions

Multicriteria Evaluation Tools in Sustainable Forest Management

The objective : to ensure the productivity of forest resources over time, taking into consideration the environmental, economic and social values of the forest.

Criteria : slopes, precipitation, temperature, soil type, distance

from coast line and land use The application of the fuzzy functions for each of the factors allowed the creation of a series of raster maps that reflected their particular importance for the cultivation of each species.

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