CYTOKINESIS

Division of cytoplasm

What can you observed from the animation above? The process that show before is part in cell cycle. Can you tell me what the phase of this process?

What you have seen on this picture?

ANIMAL CELLS

Actin filaments contract to pull a ring of cytoplasm membrane inward Forming a groove-cleavage furrow Cleavage furrow pinches at the equator and deepen progressively until the cell separates

IN PLANT CELL

Vesicle gather at the equator Vesicle fuse to form a cell plate Cell plate grows outward until its edges fuse with the plasma membrane New cell wall and plasma membrane are formed Cellulose fibre are produced by the cell to strengthen the new cell walls.

THE IMPORTANT OF CONTROLLED MITOSIS

Cell divide in highly controlled waydivision cell is being restricted, limited and managed in certain way Controlled mechanism:
Determine how often and how many times a particular cell is allowed to divide Determine that certain cell are not allowed to divide once they have specialized (nerve cell, muscle cell) Ensure that DNA of dividing cell is exactly copied, and each daughter cell receive a full set of chromosomes

Examples of Mitosis for Perpetuity of Living Things

Cell and tissues that are lost through ageing, damaged, or disease, will stimulate cell division for purpose of healing, repair and replacement of damage or missing cell. Regeneration-the ability of a living organism to restore the lost or damaged tissues Regeneration in lower animal

Cut in half

Grow and divide in specific

Cell becomes specialized

Examples of regeneration in animal by mitosis

Starfish

Salamander

Regeneration in plant
Can regenerate most of body part from previous cell. Regenerative power of plant is used in vegetative propagation

UNCONTROLLED MITOSIS IN LIVING THINGS

Cell divide out of control to form a mass of abnormal cell called tumour 2 types of tumors: Benign tumour Abnormal cells that remain constrained at the original site No function but interfere with the normal activity of health cells Inactive and harmless but sometimes it will develop into malignant tumour

 Malignant tumor Consist cancer cell Cancer is a disorder of cell growth where a cell multiples due to the uncontrolled mitosis Some cancerous cell break uncontrollably and spread to other parts of the body. The new secondary tumor may develop in other body tissues and destroy neighboring tissues.

Colon cancers

Melanomas skin cancers