HARDWARE ASSEMBLING

AND INSTALLATION

S.MAHESH KUMAR, PRAXISS TECHNOLOGIES COIMBATORE.

HARDWARE
Computer is made up of multiple physical
components of computer hardware, upon

which can be installed an operating system and

a multitude of software to perform the

operator's desired functions.

H/W COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER

Some of the primary components of a Computer
Input Device Output Device Removable media devices System Cabinet

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Input Device
Keyboard(Text Device) Optical Mouse(Pointing Device) Joystick(Gaming Device)

Webcam(Video Device)
Microphone(Audio Device)

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Monitor (visual display unit)

CRT, LCD, Plasma, penetron)

Speakers(multimedia speakers)

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Removable media devices Floppy disk( 8 inch, 5 inch, 31/2 inch, 2 inch) Optical disc(CD Drive ,DVD Drive, Blu-ray Disc) USB flash drive(thumb drives, jump drives, pen drives) Memory card(flash memory data storage device

CONT System Cabinet

Microprocessor RAM Video/ Sound card Power supply Hard drive Motherboard

MICROPROCESSOR

RAM
Random Access Memory , a type of computer
memory that can be accessed randomly, that is

any byte of memory can be accessed without

touching the preceding bytes.

Its based on volatile memory.

RAM TYPES
Common RAM Types are DDR1 DDR2 DDR3 Some of the leading manufacturers Kingston Transcend Dynet

DDR1
DDR-Double Data Rate It need 2.5 volt power 184 pins Date Rate : 200- 400 Mbps

DDR2
DDR2 RAM is an improved version of DDR memory that is faster and more efficient 240 pins It need 1.8 volt power Date Rate : 400- 800 Mbps

DDR3
240 pins Date Rate : 800- 1600 Mbps Higher bandwidth performance, effectively up to 1600 MHz Higher performance at low power (longer battery life in laptops)

MOTHERBOARD
Motherboard is also known as main board,
system board, logical board)

It is of two types

SATA

IDE

REAR VIEW

MOTHERBOARD COMPONENTS
The motherboard is a large rectangular board
with integrated circuitry that connects

CPU Socket,
Chip set

RAM Slot,
BIOS

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Disk drives (CD, DVD, hard disk, or any others)
Buses(Internal Controllers) Buses, External Bus

Data Ports or the expansion slots

CMOS Baterry

CPU Socket
All processors have set of pins that would connect the CPU to the motherboard. These set of pins are called the Pin Grid Array (PGA). They fit into a socket layout called Socket 7 into any motherboard.

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A CPU socket provides many functions
including

providing a physical structure to support

the CPU

providing support for a heat sink.

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CHIP SET
A motherboard chipset controls all the data that flows through the data channels (buses) of the motherboard. chipset often refers to a specific pair of chips on the motherboard are Northbridge and Southbridge.

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Northbridge links the CPU, especially main
memory and graphics controllers.

Southbridge

connects

to

lower-speed

peripheral buses (such as PCI or ISA,

Ethernet, USB, and audio devices.)

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RAM Slot

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There are usually two slots, though there
may be more.

If all slots are filled up with existing RAM

modules, you can replace a smaller RAM

chip with a larger one.

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BIOS
The BIOS is a software that interfaces the major hardware components with the operating system. It load the operating system When computer turn on. It is usually stored on a Flash memory chip on the motherboard.

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When you turn on your computer, the
BIOS does several things. This is its usual

sequence:
1. Check the CMOS Setup for custom settings 2. Load the interrupt handlers and device drivers

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3. Initialize registers and power management
4. Perform the power-on self-test (POST)

5. Display system settings

6. Determine which devices are bootable

7. Initiate the bootstrap sequence

DISK DRIVES
A machine that reads data from and writes data onto a disk. There are different types of disk drives
Hard disk drive (HDD) reads and writes hard disks Floppy drive (FDD) accesses floppy disks. Optical drive reads optical disks.

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SATA Connector on mother board

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Hard Disk Drive

SATA type Hard drive cable It connects the HDD with the MotherBoard.

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IDE type Hard drive cable

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Optical Disk Drive
A SATA cable is plugged at one end in the DVD

drive, and the other into a SATA header on your

motherboard.

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BUS
There are two type buses that you will find on the system board. Internal and external.

Internal- is basically the lines of communication of

the board to all components.

The internal bus are control bus, Address Bus, Data

Bus and Power bus.

PORTS
Serial ports
Serial ports provide a standard connector and

protocol to let you attach devices, such as

modems, USB, to your computer.

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Parallel Port
Parallel ports can be used to connect a host of popular computer peripherals such as Printers ,Scanners ,CD burners, External hard drives, Network adapters.

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USB port
These USB connectors let you attach everything from mice to printers to your computer quickly and easily.

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Ethernet port
Built-in Ethernet port is available for connecting the device to a wired network.

EXPANSION SLOT
PS/2 port It used to insert keyboard plug (purple) or mouse plug (green) into your computer)

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Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) AGP is an interface specification that enables

3-D graphics to display quickly on ordinary

personal computers.

It is a channel for attaching a video card to a

computer's motherboard

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PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect)
PCI is an interconnection system between a microprocessor and attached devices. PCI transmits 32 bits at a time in a 124-pin connection (the extra pins are for power supply and

grounding) and 64 bits in a 188-pin connection in an

expanded implementation.

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Power connector
Originally the motherboard was powered by one 20pin connector. A 4-pin auxiliary connector providing additional power to the CPU, and a main 24-pin power supply

connector, an extension of the original 20-pin

version.

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CMOS Baterry
Provides power to the Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) chip, even while the computer is turned off.

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This chip contains information about the system configuration (e.g., hard disk type, floppy drive types, date and time, and the order in which the computer will look for bootable disks). The CMOS battery allows the CMOS to preserve these settings.

THANK YOU