BASICS OF NETWORKING

COURSE INTRODUCTION

Course Review Trainer Introduction

Students Introduction

CISCO CURRICULUM DIVISION

CISCO CERTIFICATION TREE

DEVICES USED AND THEIR SYMBOLS

NETWORKING BASICS

An Internet work is a collection of individual networks, connected by intermediate networking devices, that functions as a single large network.

REQUIREMENT OF NETWORKING
To share the Information among Users. To share resources among the Users Printers, Hard Drives Remote accessing the Device for configuration. Accessing Accounts from Remote location.

BASICS OF NETWORKING
TYPES OF NETWORKS LAN LOCAL AREA NETWORK IS A SMALL GEOGRAPHICAL AREA SUCH AS OUR COLLEGE.

MAN METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK IS A NETWORK OVER A LARGER GEOGRAPHICAL AREA SUCH AS THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT. WAN WIDE AREA NETWORK IS A NETWORK USED OVER AN EXTREMELY LARGE GEOGRAPHICAL AREA SUCH AS THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT.

INTERNET PROBLEMS

Internetworking Challenges.

Areas of connectivity, reliability, network management, flexibility, Security, Internetworking Models. Apple Talk OSI Models TCP/IP Model Compatibility Issues

NETWORKING SECURITY ISSUES

Networking Issues like Connectivity, Security, Virus Attacks, Individual Attacks and Denial of Service Attacks Social Engineering Hacking the Systems or Servers Hacking Emails and In & Out of the System

NETWORK BASICS
Protocol and Protocol Stacks Protocol:- Rules to define the function the particular task

Protocol Stack:- Each layer of the model has its

own set of protocols associated with it. When we have a set of protocols that create a complete OSI model, it is called a Protocol Stack.

OPEN SYSTEM INTERCONNECTED

Compatibility Issues

OSI Model History and Difference between TCP/IP Suite and OSI Model

UNDERSTANDING HOST-TO-HOST COMMUNICATIONS

Older model
Proprietary Application and combinations software controlled by one vendor

Standards-based model
Multivendor software Layered approach

OSI MODEL
Reduces complexity Standardizes interfaces Facilitates modular engineering Ensures interoperable technology Accelerates evolution

Simplifies teaching and learning

THE SEVEN LAYERS OF THE OSI MODEL (CONT.)

THE SEVEN LAYERS OF THE OSI MODEL (CONT.)

THE SEVEN LAYERS OF THE OSI MODEL (CONT.)

SESSION LAYER
Half-duplex Transmission mode implements Ethernet carrier sense multiple access collision detect (CSMA/CD). Ethernet Half-Duplex communication means If data is transmitted by the Device then it cannot receive at the same time or and Vice- versa. Full Duplex Device can transmit and receive at both the Time

Creating, Monitoring and terminating the session

THE SEVEN LAYERS OF THE OSI MODEL (CONT.)

THE SEVEN LAYERS OF THE OSI MODEL (CONT.)

THE SEVEN LAYERS OF THE OSI MODEL (CONT.)

LAYER 2 TECHNOLOGIES (NODE-TO-NODE CONNECTIVITY) LAYER 2 TECHNOLOGY

Local Area Network (LAN)

Ethernet Wireless LAN

Wide Area Network (WAN)

Lease Lines Point to Point Protocol (PPP) Industry Standard HDLC High Level Data-Link layer Protocol (Cisco Proprietary) Circuit switching Digital Subscriber Line Asynchronous Digital Subscriber Line Packet Switching X.25 Asynchronous Transfer Mode Frame-Relay MPLS Multi Protocol Label Switching

DATA LINK LAYER (OPERATIONS)

Logical Link Control Generates and maintains links between network devices. It helps up to mark the type of Routed Protocol used in the packet. Media Access Control It provides the local connectivity of Devices on Layer 2 switches. Media Access Control gives every NIC a unique 12 digit hexadecimal address.

ETHERNET HEADER FORMAT

WIRE SHARK CAPTURING OF PACKET

THE SEVEN LAYERS OF THE OSI MODEL

PHYSICAL LAYER RESPONSIBILITIES

There are several items addresses by this layer. They are; Network connections types, including multi-point and point-topoint networks. Network Topologies, including ring, star, bus, and mesh networks. Analog or Digital signaling. Bit Synchronization (When to send data and when to listen for it). Baseband Vs. Broadband transmissions. Multiplexing (Combining multiple streams of data into one channel). Termination, to give better signal clarity and for node segmentation.

DATA ENCAPSULATION

DATA DE-ENCAPSULATION

PEER-TO-PEER COMMUNICATION

TRANSITION MEDIA

Cables :- Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) is undoubtedly the

most common transmission system. Shielded Twisted Pair Cable

Unshielded Twisted Pair Cable

Cable Types
Straight Cable Cross Over Cable Roll Over Cable

Fiber Optic Cable

High Speed Data transfer Rate

LIMITATION OF ETHERNET AND FIBRE CABLES

COLLISION AND BROADCAST DOMAIN

Collisions Domain:Device that can communicate simultaneously on the Device Broadcast Domain:A broadcast domain is a logical division of a computer network, in which all nodes can reach each other by broadcast at the data link layer.

DEVICES USED IN NETWORKING

Hubs

Active Hubs Passive Hubs Intelligent Hubs

Bridges Switches Routers Firewall Load Balancers

NETWORK TOPOLOGIES
Star Topology Bus Topology Ring Topology Full Mesh Partial Mesh

STAR TOPOLOGY

BUS TOPOLOGY

RING TOPOLOGY

FULL MESH AND PARTIAL MESH

CISCO HIERARCHICAL MODEL FOR NETWORK DESIGN