Вы находитесь на странице: 1из 21

Fire wood, charcoal, agricultural residues, vegetable wastes, cow dung, urban and industrial wastes, forest residues

are the main sources of this non-commercial energy.

The non-commercial biomass fuels are the main sources of energy available in the
rural areas.

The 80% of our population resides in villages are dependent on this noncommercial biomass fuels.

Biomass Energy Conversion Technologies


Thermal and Thermochemical Technologies Combustion convert forestry, agricultural and municipal residues into heat and power under environmentally sound conditions Gasification convert forestry, agricultural and municipal residues into syngas Paralysis convert forestry and agricultural residues into bio-oils and value added products Thermal and Catalytic Processing convert a variety of new and used vegetable oils; tall oils; waste greases and animal fats into renewable diesel fuels and diesel blending stocks

Ethanol, which is used as a liquid fuel can be produced from carbohydrates by alcoholic fermentation.

The process of gasification, gas is evolved which can be used as a fuel for engines Biogas, which is popular in rural areas is produced by

anaerobic fermentation from farm wastes.

2. Feed biomass
Conventionally, crop residues are used as cattle-feed. The oil-cakes of various crop seed like cotton, rubber, tobacco etc. can also be used as a feed after extraction of toxic materials.

3.

Organic fertilizer biomass

Dry fermented slurry can be used as a direct organic

fertilizer for crop land.

4. Fiber biomass
The fibrous agricultural wastes and residues are being profitably utilized for making pulp for cheap grade paper.

5. Chemical biomass o Highly siliconous agricultural residues like rice husk and rice straw can be converted into useful chemicals like morphous silicon, silicate products and solar grade silicon.

o Furfural an another chemical can be produced


from biogases, cotton seed hulls, corn-cobs, flax

fibers, oat hulls etc., which is used as a solvent for


some petroleum products.

Crop residue and farm wastes

Biomass resources : Classifications and Characteristics

Most of the crop residues have a higher ash content and mainly constitutes carbon, oxygen and hydrogen. Volatile matter content is 60-75%. The agricultural residues are hygroscopic in nature. Ash content varies from 0.5 to 2.8 per cent. . .

Industrial wastes

wastes, plastic wastes, textile wastes, gas, oil,

paraffins, cotton seeds and fibres, bagasse etc.


Plastic and rubber wastes have good calorific value

Forest wastes
Logs, chips bark and leaves together constitute forest wastes.

Sawdust is the forest based industry waste.


Forest products are also used as a domestic fuel in many developing countries

Residues from pulp and paper industries


The bark and black liquor produced in pulp and paper factories can be used as major source of energy in the paper industry. Moisture content varies from 5-10% with organic. carbon 8-11 per cent.

Municipal solid wastes


Generally municipal solid wastes refer to a mixture of domestic, small construction and demolition wastes left out within a community.

the heterogenic nature of these waste mixture.

Animal wastes The sludges contain 95% water, and 5% organic matter and nutrients as the main constituents. These can be utilized for the production of methane through anaerobic digestion. Municipal sewage sledges The moisture content of the manures ranges from 60 to 85 percent. The nitrogen varies from 0.3 to 0.9 %, phosphorus 0.05-0.1 % and potassium 0.12 to 0.8%. Available statistics indicates production of 1300 million tonnes of dung annually from all types of animals. Of the total produced, 84% is of cow and buffalo dung and 13% goat and sheep droppings. Dung is used as a fuel in the form of cakes and biogas

Major biomass resources in India


Availability of biomass resources in India along with their coal equivalent is shown in Table.
Availability Sl.No Biomass (Tones/Yr.) Agricultural residues Rice 1 straw 2 Rice husk Jute 3 sticks W heat 4 straw Cattle 5 dung Coal equivalent (Tones/Yr.)

9 19.9 2.5 50.5

58.4 15.7 2.3 37.5 128

1,335.00

The advantages for biomass energy


Most of them are renewable, e.g., wood, mustard oil and crop residues. Solve energy crisis in the future. Some of them are re-using the waste, e.g.,crop residues, sewage. High energy efficiency. It makes sense to use waste materials where we can. The fuel tends to be cheap. Less demand on the fossil fuels

The disadvantages of the using of biomass energy


Emission more carcinogens into the air. Emission some toxic gases and ash.

We burn the biofuel, so it makes greenhouse

gases just like fossil fuels do. Some waste materials are not available all year round.

Thank You

Вам также может понравиться