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Eyes
Structure and appearance of the eye and its surroundings ROR
no dullness/irregularities
Subconjunctival hemorrhages
Benign, resolve by 2 weeks
Ears
Shape Size Position
Imaginary horizontal line from inner and outer canthi of the eye across the face Low-set ears in congenital anomalies
Nose
Shape Size Patency
Choanal atresia (passage of NGT)
Swelling over the nasolacrimal duct Size of philtrum Definition of the nasolabial folds
Mouth
Tongue, buccal mucosa, palate, back of the mouth Palatal/gum/lip clefts Epstein pearls
Keratin-containing cysts
Ranula
Cystic swelling of the floor of the mouth
Mucocoele
Small lesion of the oral mucosa 2 to trauma to salivary gland ducts
Neck
Rooting reflex for easier examination SCM for hematoma Thyroid enlargement Thyroglossal duct cyst
*most common neck masses: vascular malformations, abnormal lymphatic tissue, teratomas, cystic hygromas, dermoid cyst
Chest
Chest symmetry
Asymmetry, tachypnea, retractions = respiratory distress Barrel chest = meconium aspiration pneumoniad/t hyperaeration & airtrapping
Clavicular fracture
/(-) movement, pain on movement of affected side Deformity/discoloration Crepitus or irregularity
Breast
1cm in diameter enlarged (3-4cm) d/t maternal estrogen Witchs milk Supernumerary nipples
Heart
Precordium Rate, rhythm, quality of heart sounds
HR 120-160 bpm
Presence/absence of murmurs
Flow murmurs
Represent transition fetal -> neonatal circulation
Abdomen
Defects
Omphalocoele
Centrally located umbilicus with intestines covered by eritoneum
Gastrochisis
Intestines not covered by peritoneum
Scaphoid abdomen
CDH
Bowel sounds
Relatively inactive
Kidney (R)
PKD, RVT, hydronephrosis
Umbilicus
Bleeding, infection, granuloma, abnormal communication with intra-abdominal organs Discharge, redness, edema around the base
Patent urachus or omphalitis
Hips
Barlows Ortolani
Genitalia
Male Normal penile length at birth >2cm Hydrocoeles common (disappear by 1 y/o) Female Redundant hymenal tissue or tags Vaginal discharge (often blood-tinged) d/t maternal estrogen withdrawal
Pseudomenses
Extremities
Diminished/absent pulses Syndactyly Polydactyly Simian crease
Downs syndrome; normal variant
Foot turned downward and inward, sole directedmedially
Metatarsus varus
Forefoot adduction; corrects spontaneously