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ELEKTRONIKA DASAR
Jurusan Teknik Elektro Fakultas Teknik UGM 2012
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Basic Equations
Kirchhoffs Current Law (KCL): Node The algebraic sum of the currents alysis entering any node is zero an Kirchhoffs Voltage Law (KVL):
Loop The algebraic sum of all voltages s lysitaken around a closed loop in a circuit an a
is zero
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Resistor
Ohms law:
v = Ri
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Resistor Combination
Resistors are in series if they are connected in tandem and carry exactly the same current. Resistors are in parallel if they are connected in the same nodes and have exactly the same voltage across their terminals
Req = R1 + R2
1 1 1 = + Req R1 R2
R1 R2 Req = => R1 + R2
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4 band
5 band
Kapasitor Elektrolit
tantalum
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12
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LED
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DIODA
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First Transistor
Uses Silicon developed in 1948 won a Nobel prize on-off switch
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Electronic Components
Batteries Microphone
Resistor
Coil
+
Power Supply
120V AC In DC volts Out
Transformer
Isolated Step Down
Speaker
Capacitors
+
1m 1m
Step Up
Stereo Headset 38
Electronic Components
Diode Switch Normally Open n.o. Normally Closed n.c.
n.o. n.c.
LED Light Emitting Diode Meters Current Meter Voltage Meter Resistance Meter
1m 2m
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Current Flow
Voltage measured in volts (Symbol = V) Current measured in Amps (Symbol = I) Resistance measured in Ohms (Symbol = )
Formula Valve restricts water flow Resistance = Voltage Current Voltage = Resistance X Current Current = Voltage Resistance
5m 7m
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2 inch pipe The smaller the 1 inch pipe pipe the more 3/4 inch pipe restriction of flow 1/2 inch pipe 1/4 inch pipe
1m 8m
The larger the resistor value the more restriction to current flow
1 ohm 10 ohm 100 ohm 1,000 ohm = 1K ohm 10,000 ohm = 10 K ohm 100,000 ohm = 100 K ohm 41 1,000,000 ohm = 1 M ohm
A Resistor Value is determined by its color band and is measured in ohms First Ring is units Second Ring is Ten Third Ring is number of zeros Fourth Ring is tolerance
First Ring Black = 0 Brown = 1 Red =2 Orange = 3 Yellow = 4 Green = 5 Blue =6 Violet = 7 Gray = 8 White = 9
1m 9m
Second Ring Black = 0 Brown = 1 Red =2 Orange = 3 Yellow = 4 Green = 5 Blue =6 Violet = 7 Gray =8 White = 9
Third Ring Multiplier Silver = X .01 Gold = X .1 Black = X 1 Brown = X 10 Red =2= X 100 Orange = 3 = X 1000 Yellow = 4 = X 10,000 Green = 5 = X 100,000 Blue = 6 = X 1000,000 Violet = 7 = X 10,000,000
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= _150 ohms
= _5__
Electronic Components
Voltage Storage Devices Bucket Batteries Sold already charged. Some may be recharged
Different size buckets of water with the same height and with a 1/4 inch hole will take different amounts of time to empty 1 gallon = 1 hours 2 gallon = 2 hours 5 gallon = 5 hour 10 gallon = 10 hour
Most batteries are 1.5 Volts per cell. AAA AA C D = .2 amp hours = .5 amp hours = 1 amp hour = 4 amp hour
2m 17m
Un-Polorized Polorized 1 f = 1.0 farad 10 mf = .01 Farad 1,000uf = .001 Farad 100uf = .0001 Farad 10uf = .00001Farad 1 uf = .000001Farad .1 uf = .0000001 .01 uf = .00000001 .001 uf = .000000001 100 pf = .0000000001 10 pf = .00000000001 44 1 pf = .000000000001
Transistors
A Transistor is an Electronic Switch
NPN
1m 38m
Computer can send a signal to turn on the transistor which then turns on the light
Electronic Components
IC Integrated Circuits An integrated circuit (IC) consists of multiple transistors. The number of transistors can vary from just a few (circuits shown below), to several million that are in a (Pentium microprocessor). 6 Transistors in one IC This IC has 6 inverters An inverter contains 6 Transistors = 36 total Functions Inverters Gates Flip flops Counters Memory MPU Watch ICs Calculators ICs Microwave Timer ICs Radio ICs Dialer ICs Car Controller ICs
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1m 39m
1M
100K
Every 18 months cpus double in density and performance, while still holding prices the same Mac IBM 386
1985
10K
6800/8080
Apple 2E
1K
iMac
IBM 8080
1970 1m 40m 1975 1980
IBM Pentium
1995 2000
Year of Introduction
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