Wireless Internet Research at UHelsinki and HIIT

Kimmo Raatikainen
University of Helsinki, Department of Computer Science Helsinki Institute for Information Technology kimmo.raatikainen@{cs.helsinki.fi,hiit.fi} http://www.cs.helsinki.fi/Kimmo.Raatikainen/
SAHARA Retreat, Santa Cruz Kimmo Raatikainen June 4, 2003

Presentation Outline
Organizations in nutshell
HIIT: Helsinki Institute for Information Technology Nodes: Group for Distributed Systems and Data Communications at the Department of Computer Science in the University of Helsinki

Wireless Internet Vision Nodes activities Fuego Core project

Middleware for Mobile Wireless Internet

Final Message

SAHARA Retreat, Santa Cruz, June 14, 2003

Kimmo Raatikainen

HIIT in Nutshell
Joint research institute owned by Helsinki University of Technology and University of Helsinki
California equivalence: joint venture of Stanford and UC Berkeley located next to Bell Stadium

Two units: ARU and BRU About 100 researchers ARU: Advanced Research Unit
Mobile Computing Group (Prof. Kimmo Raatikainen) Intelligent Systems (Prof. Henry Tirri) Digital Economy (Prof. Jukka Kemppinen) Media Convergence (Prof. Petri Vuorimaa)

http://www.hiit.fi/
SAHARA Retreat, Santa Cruz, June 14, 2003 Kimmo Raatikainen 3

University of Helsinki Department of Computer Science

UNIVERSITY
Founded in Turku in 1640, moved to Helsinki in 1828 Largest university in Finland Nine Faculties: Theology, Law, Medicine, Arts, Science, Education, Social Sciences, Agriculture and Forestry, Veterinary Medicine

DEPARTMENT
Founded in 1967 Part of the Faculty of Science Staff (2002)
Professors 13+2

Researchers
Teachers Other staff

81
36+58 15

SAHARA Retreat, Santa Cruz, June 14, 2003

Kimmo Raatikainen

Department of Computer Science

SUB-PROGRAMMES
1) Computer Science 2) Applied Computer Science 3) Teacher in Computer Science 4) Professional upgrading programme 1) 2) 3) 4)

SECTIONS IN CS
Algorithms Intelligent Systems Software Engineering Distributed Systems and Data Communications 5) Information Systems

SAHARA Retreat, Santa Cruz, June 14, 2003

Kimmo Raatikainen

Presentation Outline
Organizations in nutshell
HIIT: Helsinki Institute for Information Technology Nodes: Group for Distributed Systems and Data Communications at the Department of Computer Science in the University of Helsinki

Wireless Internet Vision Nodes activities Fuego Core project

Middleware for Mobile Wireless Internet

Final Message

SAHARA Retreat, Santa Cruz, June 14, 2003

Kimmo Raatikainen

What Is Wireless Internet?

Various visions proposed Mark Weiser spoke about invisible computing and ubiquitous computing Leonard Kleinrock speaks about nomadic computing Satyanarayanan speaks about pervasive comupting CEC speaks about ambient intelligence Wireless World Research Forum speaks about adaptable personalised ambient-aware services

SAHARA Retreat, Santa Cruz, June 14, 2003

Kimmo Raatikainen

What is Wireless Internet?

Nobody really knows today but more than Internet access from mobile devices incresed intelligence in the network
but AI has failed many times

most probably a combination (not a union) of all published visions

SAHARA Retreat, Santa Cruz, June 14, 2003

Kimmo Raatikainen

Future Mobile Applications

communication characteristics
The most significant feature will be diversity All kinds of applications will be in use QoS requirements and communication patterns will be numerous Some applications will also adjust their behaviour according to the properties of connectivity Future mobile terminals will have a few applications simultaneously active. Some terminals will also be able to use different access technologies either simultaneously or one at a time

SAHARA Retreat, Santa Cruz, June 14, 2003

Kimmo Raatikainen

Research Challenges
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Adaptability Efficient and always on connectivity over wireless links Distribution, partitioning, reconfiguration Context-awareness Mobile distributed information base

SAHARA Retreat, Santa Cruz, June 14, 2003

Kimmo Raatikainen

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Technical Challenge
XML

CORBA,J2EE

Interworking

wCORBA,J2ME

Standard Middleware

Mobile Middleware

Internet protocol suite: SIP, SLP, IMPP, SMTP, IMAP, HTTP, BEEP, CPIM, TCP, UDP, DCCP, SCTP, RTP, DiffServ, mRSVP, MIPv6, IPSec, IKE, AKA, IPv6, DNS, DHCP, multicast, multihoming,
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Presentation Outline
Organizations in nutshell
HIIT: Helsinki Institute for Information Technology Nodes: Group for Distributed Systems and Data Communications at the Department of Computer Science in the University of Helsinki

Wireless Internet Vision Nodes activities Fuego Core project

Middleware for Mobile Wireless Internet

Final Message

SAHARA Retreat, Santa Cruz, June 14, 2003

Kimmo Raatikainen

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NODES Group

3 professors 8 lectures c. 25 researcher in projects c. 15 M.Sc students c. 10 Ph.D. students c. 15 Ph.D. students in industry
Motto: Any technology distinguishable from magic is insufficiently advanced. Gregory Benford

Studies how systems can be divided into independently working parallel parts, and how these parts communicate with each other Functionality in the basic components, the protocols between the parts, performance evaluation

RESEARCH AREAS (The NODES Group): Wireless Internet, Distributed Software Systems, Formal Methods for Protocol Development, Linux Development
SAHARA Retreat, Santa Cruz, June 14, 2003 Kimmo Raatikainen 13

Some NODES Research Topics

Wireless Internet
Communication over wireless (all protocol layers) Middleware for mobile computing

Linux Developments
Timeliness and high availability in Linux Open Source Middleware for Linux OS

Standardization
IETF, OMG, W3C

SAHARA Retreat, Santa Cruz, June 14, 2003

Kimmo Raatikainen

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NODES Cotributions to Wireless Internet

Improved Wireless Communication
TCP enhancements: RFCs, Internet draft and Linux kernel Localized RSVP for resource allocation in access network alone: Internet draft IP QoS in access networks using DiffServ Wireless CORBA: OMG standard Wireless JAVA RMI: standardization under discussion Efficient Agent communication: FIPA standard TCP-friendly Adaptive Link Layer protocol for satellite links: under construction in an ESA project SOAP over wireless links: under construction

SAHARA Retreat, Santa Cruz, June 14, 2003

Kimmo Raatikainen

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Wireless Internet Project Family

MIND 2001-2002 BRAIN 2000-2001 TranSat 2001-2003 IIP Mixture 2003-2004 Fuego Core Crumpet IIP Wireless 2000-2002 2002-2004 2002 IIP Mobile MONTAGE wCORBA Monads 1998-2000 2001 1998-2000 1998-2000 IWTCP DOLMEN: 1995-1998 1999-2000 Mowgli: 1994-1999 PRIME 1998-2000

VAAWIT 2001-2003

ANWIRE: 2002-2004

http://www.cs.helsinki.fi/Kimmo.Raatikainen/#projects
SAHARA Retreat, Santa Cruz, June 14, 2003 Kimmo Raatikainen 16

Presentation Outline
Organizations in nutshell
HIIT: Helsinki Institute for Information Technology Nodes: Group for Distributed Systems and Data Communications at the Department of Computer Science in the University of Helsinki

Wireless Internet Vision Nodes activities Fuego Core project

Middleware for Mobile Wireless Internet

Final Message

SAHARA Retreat, Santa Cruz, June 14, 2003

Kimmo Raatikainen

17

Project Objectives 2002-2004

Synchronization Presence

to specify the set of fundamental Distributed Events enabling middleware services for XML Protocol mobile applications on future Host Identity Protocol mobile environments to implement two research prototypes and participate in relevant standardizing forums (W3C, IETF, OMG, OMA) Work areas: Adaptive Applications, Mobile Distributed Information Base, Reconfigurable Services, and Mobility, Multi-homing, and Cryptographic Host Identification

SAHARA Retreat, Santa Cruz, June 14, 2003

Kimmo Raatikainen

18

Architecture Overview
Client: Applications SERVICES Presence service Event Service Message Transport Service (MTS) Soap interop. layer MTP (XML Protocol) Apache Axis Mobile file system Other services Server: Applications

Other services

Fuego Server (MTS) Soap interop. layer MTP (XML Protocol)

Long lived TCP Socket / HTTP / .. Host Identity Protocol

SAHARA Retreat, Santa Cruz, June 14, 2003

Kimmo Raatikainen

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Event-based Systems: Rendezvous-Notify

Scalable distributed event framework for mobile computing based on a distributed data structure Constant or near constant cost in terms of messages for event channel subscription and management using linear hashing Support for disconnected operation and mobility. Efficient event session handover between event servers Cost model for accessing event servers and using sessions. Simulation and formal verification is used to validate the proposed approach

SAHARA Retreat, Santa Cruz, June 14, 2003

Kimmo Raatikainen

20

Synchronization: a mobile distributed file system

Disconnected operation Designed for limited bandwidth and high latency Simple HTTP PUT/GET-like synchronization protocol Special support for XML files
Optimized storage of XML Three-way merge for data, automatic reconciliation

Sync
protocol

Ad-hoc file sharing: any device may share files to any other device Implementation layers on top of existing file system in an non-disruptive manner
SAHARA Retreat, Santa Cruz, June 14, 2003 Kimmo Raatikainen

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XML Protocol
How can XML Protocol (SOAP) be used in wireless communication? Main problems with SOAP: XML verbose so bandwidth-heavy, HTTP and underlying TCP bad in high-latency networks Discard XML; compress messages suitably, either generically or XML-specifically (such as binary XML) Binary XML permits efficient parsing and generation Discard HTTP; replace with persistent connections and asynchronous one-way messaging? Negotiation of parameters only once; HTTP Pers compact protocol headers Per-call time Async
XML Gzip BXML

Message size

SAHARA Retreat, Santa Cruz, June 14, 2003

Kimmo Raatikainen

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Ubiquitous Presence
Electronic systems provide abundant and possibly sensitive information about users: location, activity, availability etc. Conflicting goals - privacy, usability and utility Presence information is a great advantage in collaboration tools
Embedding presence information in applications like email, messaging and telephony

Using a presence component for single-point management, privacy control, and transparency in distribution

Middleware services to replace separate presence/IM clients Multiple standardization efforts on middleware and application level: XMPP, SIMPLE, WV, PAM, IMPP, LIF

SAHARA Retreat, Santa Cruz, June 14, 2003

Kimmo Raatikainen

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Host Identity Payload

A research protocol to provide multihoming, mobility and security in one architecture A new Host Identity layer between internetworking and transport layers Based on a new cryptographic address space where the Host Identities of the hosts (public keys) can be stored in DNS Authentication of hosts is achieved with "Base Exchange" to avoid DoS Four interoperable implementations: HIIT, Ericsson, Boeing and IndraNet Similar to MobileIP, SCTP and LIN6

SAHARA Retreat, Santa Cruz, June 14, 2003

Kimmo Raatikainen

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See also student Posters

Sasu Tarkoma mobile distributed events Tancred Lindholm intelligent synchronization Jaakko Kangasharju SOAP over wireless links Marko Saaresto Ubiquitous presence

SAHARA Retreat, Santa Cruz

Kimmo Raatikainen

June 4, 2003

Final Message

SAHARA Retreat, Santa Cruz

Kimmo Raatikainen

June 4, 2003

Internet Reference Stack

IP middleware: SIP, SLP, ... IP messaging: SMTP, HTTP, BEEP, ... IP transport: TCP, UDP, DCCP, SCTP, RTP IP mechanisms: QoS, mobility, security IP control and management: COPS, SNMP, RSVP, ICMP

IP networking: IP, DNS, DHCP, ZeroConf, multicast, multihoming

IP to link layer adaption
SAHARA Retreat, Santa Cruz, June 14, 2003 Kimmo Raatikainen 27

Framework Architecture
Values
Self-Actualisation Safety Belonging Control

Privacy

Capabilities
Ubiquity Personalization Ambient Awareness

Human Capability Augmentation

Consistency

Adaptation

App

App

App

Generic Service Elements UI Support Application Execution Framework

Internet Protocols
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LINUX was invented here

We are commited to open source
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