Lecture 29 - Reinforced Columns

April 1, 2002
CVEN 444
Lecture Goals

Columns
Long Column Design

Columns


Long with a relatively high slenderness ratio
where lateral or shear walls are required
Long with a medium slenderness ration that will
cause a reduction in strength
Short where the slenderness ratio is small
Slenderness ratio =
r
Kl
u
Long Columns
Slender Columns
Column with a significant reduction in
axial load capacity due to moments
resulting from lateral deflections of the
column (ACI Code: significant
reduction 5%)
Slender =
Column
>
Long Columns
Less than 10 % of columns in braced or non-sway
frames and less than half of columns in unbraced or
sway frames would be classified as slender
following ACI Code Procedure.
Effective Length
The effective length - Kl
u

l
u
- It measures the clear distance between floors.
K - a factor, which represents the ratio of the distance
between points of zero moments in the columns
H s K

=
beams of /
columns of /
u
u
l EI
l EI

+
A
v +
B
l cc h s top and bottom factors ca
ct . Vi u khp + l v hn (infinite) hoc l 10
v u c nh + l zero hay 1
H s K
Cc gi thit tng qut l
- Kt cu gm cc khung ch nht i xng
- The girder moment at a joint is distributed to columns
according to their relative stiffness
- All columns reach their critical loads at the same time
General Formulation
Modulus of Elasticity


Reinforced Moment (ACI 10.11.1)
c
c
5 . 1
c
57000
33
f
f w E
=
=
column a for 70 . 0
beam a for 35 . 0
g
g
I I
I I
=
=
General Formulation
Area

Moment of inertia shall be divided by (1 + |
d
)
with sustain lateral loads
g
A A =
|
d
=
Max. factored sustain lateral load
Max. factored axial load
K Factor
Use the + values to
obtain the K factors
for the columns.
Long Column
Lateral deflection -
increases moment
Eccentrically loaded pin-ended column.
M = P*( e + A )
Long Column
OA - curve for end moment
OB - curve for maximum
column moment @ mid-height)
Eccentrically loaded pin-ended column.
Axial capacity is reduced from A
to B due to increase in maximum
moment due to As (slenderness
effects)
Long Columns
From ACI Sec. 12.10.2 , the slenderness effects may
be neglected if



k = effective length factor (function of end restraints)
Non-sway frames
Sway frames

|
|
.
|

\
|
=
2
1
ratio s slendernes
u
12 34
M
M
r
kL
s s
s s
k
k
0 . 1
0 . 1 5 . 0
Long Column - Slenderness Ratio
Slenderness Ratio for
columns
Pinned-Pinned
Connection
Fixed-Fixed
Connection
(a)

(b)
Long Column - Slenderness Ratio
Slenderness Ratio for
columns
Fixed-Pinned
Connection
Partial restrained
Connection
(c)

(d)
Long Column - Slenderness Ratio
Slenderness Ratio for columns in frames
Long Column - Slenderness Ratio
Slenderness Ratio for columns in frames
Long Column
Unsupported height of column from top of
floor to bottom of beams or slab in floor

Radius of gyration

= 0.3* overall depth of rectangular columns
= 0.25* overall depth of circular
columns

l
u
=
r =
A
I
=
Long Column
singular curvature double curvature
Ratio of moments at two column ends, where
M
2
> M
1
(-1 to 1 range)
M
1
/M
2
=

0
2
1
>
M
M
0
2
1
<
M
M
Long Columns
M
1
/M
2
= Ratio of moments at two column ends
where M
2
> M
1
(-1.0 to 1.0 range)
- single curvature
- double curvature

1.0 k and
5 . 0
2
1

=
=
M
M
is typically conservative
(non-sway frames)
Note Code (10.12.2) M
1
/M
2
-0.5 non-sway frames
>
Long Column
From MacGregor
( ) frames sway - non ve conservati typically is
0 . 1 and
5 . 0
2
1

=
+ =
k
M
M
(non-sway frames) Note: Code 10.12.2
5 . 0
2
1
>
M
M
Possible range of = 22 to 40
r
u
kl
Design of Short Columns
Design a short square tied column to carry a
design load of P
u
of 640 kips and a design
moment of 330 kip-ft. Place the reinforcing
uniformly in the four faces. Design the ties.
Use a 1.5 in. cover with an unsupported length
is 11 ft. and f
c
= 4000 psi and f
y
= 60 ksi.
Problem Steps
Determine eccentricity.
Estimate column size
required base on axial load.
Determine e/h and required
|P
n
/A
g

Determine which chart to
use.
Select steel sizes.
Design ties by ACI code
Design sketch
Design Summary