Animal and plant cell 2. Unicellular and multicellular organisms 3. Part of a microscope and their function 4. Cell organisation.

1.

1. Cell is basic unit of life 2. Its size is too small to be seen with the naked eye. 3. We need an instrument called a microscope to observe cells.

2.2 Animal and Plant cell.

Cytoplasm

its a jelly like-substance fluid filled with cellsap (where chemical processes take place)
Nucleus

control all activities of a cell

Cell membrane

controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell

Animal cell

Differences

Plant cell

Has a irregular shape and small size

Shape

The shape is big and fixed Cell wall made up of cellulose to protect the cell The biggest part in the cell Have chloroplast which contain chlorophyll Contain starch granules

Does not have cell wall Cell wall

Has vacuole that is too Vacuole small Does not have chloroplast Contain glycogen granules Chloroplast

Cytoplasm

1. 1.

Organism consists of living things include microscopic animals and plants(bacteria, viruses and fungus)

2. Life process conducted by multicellular organisms are

more complex compare to a unicellular organisms

1.

Organisms that consist of only one cell are called unicellular organisms.

2. These organisms usually live in water. Some of them such as

bacteria and yeast can live in air and human body .

3.

E.g: Paramecium, Amoeba, Euglena, yeast Yeast Paramecium Amoeba

1.

Multicellular organisms are complex organisms that made up of many cells. Multicellular organisms have many types of different cells with its special function. This caused them to have a huge size in shape E.g: Hydra, Spirogyra, insects, birds and ferns

2.

3.

Unicellular microorganism Paramecium Amoeba Euglena Yeast

Multicellular microoganisms
Mucor Spirogyra

Coarse focus knob

To raise or lower the body tube quickly to focus on the object

Eyepiece
To transmit and magnify the image of the specimen

Fine focus knob

To lower or raise the body tube gently for sharp focus

Body tube
To hold the eyepiece at a fixed distance away from the objective lens

Arm
To hold and support the microscope

Objective lens
To magnify the specimen

Clip
To hold the slide in place

Stage
To support the microscope slide

Base
To make the microscope stable

Condenser
To focus light from the mirror onto the specimen

Diaphragm
To control the amount of the light entering the objective lens

Mirror
To direct reflected light towards the diaphragm

Cell organisation
Human body is the most complex multicellular

organism. It has about 60,000 billion of cells The cells differ by its size, shape and structure to enables it to perform a particular function A speciallised cell is a cell that performs only one specific function in order to carry out and maintain the stability of a huge processes

Human cell and its function

Nerve cell: send nerve impulses to the whole body.
Red blood cell: form the outer laer of skin to protect

the body surface. sperm cell: fertilises the ovum in sexual reproduction . Muscle: allows movement . Bone cell: found in bones and functions in the support system of the body.

Tissues
A tissue is a group of similar cells that carry out the same

function. Example, Tissues Function Epithelium tissue : To protect the tissues beneath it. Muscle tissue : Made up of muscle cells that contracts and relaxes to enable movements of body. Nervous tissue : Carry massages from one part of the body to another . Connective tissue : To connect and join several tissues together for support and protect the organs and body.

Organ
When different tissues co-operate to carry

out a certain function is called an organ For example, heart is an organ formed of muscle tissues and connective tissues that co-operate to carry out the function of blood circulation to the entire body

System
A group of different organs that co-operate to perform a certain function of life process is known as the systems . The body systems as whole enable human to carry out life process normally and more efficiently. There are 10 main systems in a human body.

Skeletal system
Preserves the body shape
Provides support and protection to internal organs

such as the heart, lungs and other organs

Muscular system
Enables body movement.
Muscles usually react as opposing pairs to produce

movement.

Respiratory system
Inhales oxygen in to the body and exhales carbon

dioxide out of the body During respiration, the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide gases occur in the alveolus

Reproduction system
Produces offspring to continue the generation

Excretory system
Dispose waste from the body
Lung carbon dioxide and water vapour Skin Urea, mineral salt and water Kidney Urea, mineral salt and water

Organisms
All systems in the body works together to perform alife

process that produce an in dependent organism