Personality

Module II

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Defined as
Personality is a collection of emotional, thought and behavioural patterns unique to a person that is consistent over time
Originates from the Latin persona, which means "mask.

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Determinants of Personality
Heredity Environment
Culture Family Social Situational factors

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Big Five Personality Traits

Extroversion
Sociable, talkative and assertive

Emotional stability
Calm, confident and secure

Agreeableness
Cooperative, caring and emphatic

Conscientiousness
Dependable, responsible, organised and systematic

Openness
Creative and innovative
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Theories of Personality
Type Theory Trait Theory Psychoanalytic Theory

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Type Theory
People are grouped into identifiable categories either physiological or psychological factors. Type theories are simple and popular. It fails to reveal all complexities of a personality.

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Trait Theory
Personality trait is understood as being an enduring attribute of a person that appears consistently in a variety of situations. A trait is any distinguishing relatively enduring way in which one individual differs from another. Assumption is that a personality can be described by its position on a number of continuous dimensions/scales each of which represents a trait.
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Psychoanalytical Theory
It was originated by Sigmund Freud. Freud saw personality as being composed of three elements : the Id, the Ego and the Super ego. The Id--- It is the Latin word for it and refers to the innate component of personality. The Ego--- The ego develops out of the id because of the necessity for dealing with real world. The Super Ego--- It strives for perfection to function constructively in the society.
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Locus of Control

Self-Esteem

Myers-Briggs Type

Indicator
(MBTI)

Other Key Personality Attributes

Self Monitoring

Risk Propensity
Prentice Hall, 2000 Chapter 3

Type A & Type B Personality

9

Locus of Control (Rotter)

The degree to which people believe they are masters of their own fate. Internals Individuals who believe that they control what happens to them. Externals Individuals who believe that what happens to them is controlled by outside forces such as luck or chance. Faculty-R.Gopalan

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)

A personality test that taps four characteristics and classifies people into 1 of 16 personality types.
Personality Types
Extroverted vs. Introverted (E or I) Sensing vs. Intuitive (S or N) Thinking vs. Feeling (T or F) Judging vs. Perceiving (P or J)

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Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

Type of Social Interaction Preference for Gathering Data Preference for Decision Making
Extrovert (E)
Introvert (I)

Sensing (S) Intuitive (N) Feeling (F) Thinking (T) Perceptive (P) Judgmental (J)
Chapter 3 12

Style of Decision Making

Prentice Hall, 2000

MyersBriggs Sixteen Primary Traits

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Self-Esteem and Self-Monitoring

Self-Esteem (SE)
Individuals degree of liking or disliking themselves.

Self-Monitoring
A personality trait that measures an individuals ability to adjust his or her behavior to external, situational factors.
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Risk-Taking
High Risk-taking Managers
Make quicker decisions Use less information to make decisions Operate in smaller and more entrepreneurial organizations

Low Risk-taking Managers

Are slower to make decisions Require more information before making decisions Exist in larger organizations with stable environments
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Type A & Type B Personality

Type As are always moving, walking, and eating rapidly; feel impatient with the rate at which most events take place; strive to think or do two or more things at once; cannot cope with leisure time; are obsessed with numbers, measuring their success in terms of how many or how much of everything they acquire.
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Contd..
Type Bs never suffer from a sense of time urgency with its accompanying impatience; feel no need to display or discuss either their achievements or accomplishments; play for fun and relaxation, rather than to exhibit their superiority at any cost; can relax without guilt.
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