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All About Energy

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Carbon Fixation
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Photosystems
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Alternate Pathways
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Light & Dark Reactions

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Vocabulary
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All About Energy

Carbon Fixation

Photo- Alternate systems Pathways

Light & Dark Reactions

Vocabulary

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Ultimate energy for all life on Earth

What is sunlight?

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Organisms such as plants and algae that can trap energy from the sun and convert it into chemical energy
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What are autotrophs?

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Type of chemical energy made during photosynthesis and used by all cells
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What is ATP?

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Type of chlorophyll that absorbs light energy in the range of 650 nm wavelength
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What is chlorophyll a?

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Photosynthesis is this type of Energy reaction

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What is an endergonic reaction?

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Molecule that supplies the carbon atoms in photosynthesis

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What is CO2?

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The biochemical pathway that is used in photosynthesis to produce the organic compound Glucose
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What is the Calvin Cycle?

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Part of the Chloroplast where carbon fixation occurs

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What is the stroma?

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The 5-carbon molecule that combines with CO2 in the chloroplast to form a 6-carbon molecule
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What is RuBP?

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Molecule that forms when PGA combines with a phosphate from ATP
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What is PGAL?

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Stacks of thylakoids inside the chloroplast

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What are grana?

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Three things that happen to light when it strikes an object

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What is reflected, transmitted, or absorbed?

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Molecule in photosystems I and II that becomes excited by light energy

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What is Chlorophyll a?

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Substance that supplies the needed electrons to replace ones lost by chlorophyll
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What is water?

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Where the electron transport chain takes place

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What is the thylakoid membrane?

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The most common pathway for carbon fixation

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What is the Calvin Cycle or C3 Cycle?

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Plants that only fix carbon using the Calvin Cycle

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What are C3 plants?

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Pores where most water loss occurs on a plant

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What are stomata?

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Sugar cane, corn, and crab grass are examples

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What are C4 plants?

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Cactus and pineapple are examples

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What are CAM plants?

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Yellow, Orange, and Brown pigments that absorb light

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What are carotenoids?

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Reactions in which water is split

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What are the light reactions?

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Process in the light reactions that synthesizes ATP

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What is chemiosmosis?

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Enzyme in the thylakoid membrane that helps make ATP in the light reactions
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What is ATP synthetase?

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Gas that builds up in the atmosphere causing acid rain that kills plants
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What is carbon dioxide?

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Photosynthesis occurs here in algae

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What is the chloroplast?

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Absorb colors of light not picked up by chlorophyll

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What are accessory pigments?

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A series of linked reactions such as photosynthesis

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What is a biochemical pathway?

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Pathway that enables plants to fix carbon into 4-carbon compounds

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What is the C4 pathway?

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Plants that open their stomata at night and close them during the day
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What are CAM plants?

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Glycolysis
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Fermentation
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Aerobic Respiration
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Krebs Cycle
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Energy
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Wild Card
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Glycolysis

Fermentation

Krebs Aerobic Respiration Cycle

Energy

Wild Card

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Occurs Here inside a Cell

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What is the cytoplasm?

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Glycolysis is this type of biochemical Pathway

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What is Anaerobic?

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Three Carbon compound produced when Glucose is split

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What is Pyruvic Acid or Pyruvate?

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Coenzyme that is reduced during glycolysis whenever it accepts electrons

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What is NAD+ or Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide?

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Net Production of ATP from Glycolysis

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What is two ATP molecules?

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Fermentation is this type of biochemical pathway

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What is anaerobic or without oxygen?

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Type of Fermentation in Muscle Cells

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What is Lactic Acid Fermentation?

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Name of the Alcohol made during Alcoholic Fermentation

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What is Ethyl Alcohol or Ethanol?

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Energy Carrier that is oxidized during Lactic Acid Fermentation

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What is NAD+?

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Two Food Products made by Lactic Acid Fermentation

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What are yogurt and cheese?

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Gas needed for pyruvate to enter this pathway

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What is oxygen?

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Produces nearly this much more ATP than Glycolysis alone

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What is twenty times more?

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Two Major Stages of Aerobic Respiration

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What are the Krebs Cycle & Electron Transport Chain?

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Where Aerobic Respiration occurs in Bacteria

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What is the cytosol?

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Pyruvate made during glycolysis diffuses here

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What is the Mitochondrial Matrix?

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Krebs Cycle breaks down this 2-carbon molecule

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What is Acetyl CoA?

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Krebs Cycle occurs here in Eukaryotic Cells

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What is the mitochondrial matrix?

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Four Carbon Compound that combines with Acetyl CoA to begin the Krebs Cycle
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What is Oxaloacetic Acid?

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First Six-Carbon Compound made in the Krebs Cycle

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What is Citric Acid?

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Two Energy Carriers other than ATP that are reduced in the Krebs Cycle
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What are NAD+ and FAD?

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Amount of Energy Needed to start Glycolysis

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What are 2 ATP?

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Gross Amount of ATP Made during Glycolysis

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What is 4 ATP?

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Makes Most of the energy Produced in Cellular Respiration

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What is the Electron Transport Chain?

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Total Amount of NADH made during Cellular Respiration

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What is 10 NADH?

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Equivalent Amount of ATP made from the 2 FADH2 molecules in the Krebs Cycle

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What is 4 ATP?

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Number of kilocalories Obtained from one Glucose molecule When it is Burned

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What is 686 kilocalories?

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Total number of ATP Molecules Generated through the Electron Transport Chain
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What is 34 ATP?

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Total Amount of ATP that can be generated through Cellular Respiration

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What is 38 ATP?

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Process by which Carbonated Beverages are Made

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What is Alcoholic Fermentation?

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Process used by the First Bacteria to Generate all their ATP

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What is Glycolysis?

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Make your Wager Now!!!

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Important Energy Process used in Both Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis

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What is the Electron Transport Chain?

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