Introduction / History of this field How it works Benefits Applications Success stories Future of technology / Conclusions

Generally we are aware of printing of 2D but here also the depth of the object is added in 3D. Its a one rapid prototyping technology. It creates physical models from CAD & other digital data layer by layer. It is widely used, especially in product designing. It reduces a lot of time & also cost. It a developing technology.

Prototyping is a cycle that producers or designing team make model for end users to test, evaluate, or debug & get feedbacks then revise or redesign at the preproduction time. CAD is computer program called Computer Aided Design which creates the 3D image or its digital data for the 3D printer.

3D printer which can print metal blocks

3D printing technology was found by Charles W. Hull. He made his successful efforts in this direction form 1984. For that he also found company named 3D System. Another method for this technology was found by Americas Mesechuset Institute of Technology.

In Charles Hulls technology he was designing the objects layout in the CAD program. That is fed in the computer which gives the required information to the 3D printer. In printer there is a nozzle like in the inkjet printer which pushes out the powder inside it which can be a polymer plastic, Ceramic material, cellulose or metallic powder.

That powder is spread on the platform which can move in up-down & right-left direction. Tuning of the nozzle & platform creates a perfect layer then platform goes slight down so that another layer's creation takes place. With the passage of time the original object takes place on the platform. The high beam of ultraviolet rays gives the toughness & the join to the layers. After all this process the required object is ready on the platform.

Now we will look after the method found by Americas Mesechuset Institute of Technology. In this type of printing they use a roller to spread the powder of material on the board. The inkjet nozzle sprays the adhesive material on the place according to the body of the object. The powder which comes in contact with adhesive stitches with the lower layer & the remaining powder is removed which can be further used. The object takes place this way.

Here the figures shown, displays the method of printing

Lower cost of prototyping Allow more designs & models to choose from Also helps to find the defects in object at the earlier stage so we can make more efficient designs Decrease the length of the typing process 3D printers are small in size & affordable You can create complicated objects any time & any where in emergency

Previous prototyping machines often require their own department & operators. While 3D printers can easily fit at workstation. Very fast in process than big prototyping machines Some 3D printer created objects

In marketing Packaging Make product prototypes Learning resources Make complicated object in emergency where they are not available. Make practice or earlier stage models Make building design & topographical maps Making medicines

A small portable 3D printer attached with computer Some of creation of 3D printer

Some times ago the scientists of NASA need to make 50 plastic boxes for international space station in the space. They were of different sizes because they were for keeping different equipments. They used 3D printer to make them. They fed their virtual image in the computer & printer give them their required boxes. It was time saving and much more easier for them then to make them using machines. Now at this time those boxes are in space station.

American navy's each ship in the sea is also a huge airport lying in the sea. They need many time some complicated part at center of sea for engines or air-conditioners or compressors or for other machines. Its costs high to import that part from their nation or nearest place via sea or air. So each ship contains two or more 3D printer. Using that they can have temporarily that missing part. The company Boing from same country has made fighter planes named F-18 Hornet which contains light weight 100 part made from nylon.

They used 3D printer to make those parts of nylon. They can produce those parts in short of time & also very cheaply. Twins sister Quiej-Alvarez were born joined at the heads. The veins draining the blood, were interwoven & fed into each others circulation system. So to give them both their separate body very complex operation was needed to be performed. The most complex part of the operation was to sort out veins & reroute the twins blood supply. Because the veins were intersecting in each others system, tracking them using twodimensional X-ray it was impossible.

At that very crucial time they took 3D X-ray & using 3D printer they made the 3D object same as their joined heads. That guided them very much to learn their joined system.

In future there will be 3D printers which can print bullets of guns & there will be no need to supply ammunition on the border .The soldiers reserved for this work will print bullets there. A light bulb? A mother board? or an ipod of nth generation? Go online, pay for the file required, download it & produce yourself. No packaging, no shipping, no assembly lines needed.

The printers will be also found which will make the objects which are combined of different material with different colors.

Nothing communicates design ideas faster than a three-dimensional part or model. With 3D printer you can bring CAD files and design to life-right from your desktop Test from, fit & function - and as many designs as you like with functional parts

Articles:
The object of 3D printing
-from advertising and marketing review

Printers produce copies in 3D from BBC NEWS Gadget Printers promises industrial revolution
-from NewScientist.com

Major 3D printer companies:

Z corporation 3D system

Xpress 3D

Prepared by, Raj Hakani 07EC021 Shital Gandhi 07EC019 Under Guidance of S.S. Plsure Sir