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ISSUE 2.0
Course Contents
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MPLS
Multi-Protocol
Support multiple Layer-3 protocols, such as IP, IPv6, IPX, SNA Label Switching Label packets, and replace IP forwarding with label switching
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Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading without Permission. Security Level: Internal
IP
Connectionless control plane
MPLS
Connectionless control plane
ATM
Connection-oriented control plane Connection-oriented forwarding plane
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Connection-oriented Features
S2 1 S1 S3 2 S4 2 S7 S5 2 S4 S7 1 S6 1 S8 S1 S3 VC S5 S8 S2 S6
connection-oriented: cell switching VC = S1, S4, S7, S8 The data reach their destination in order along the same connection Fixed time delay, easy to control Connection types: PVC SVC
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Traditional IP Forwarding
Parse IP header mapped to next hop Parse IP header mapped to next hop Parse IP header mapped to next hop
IP header is parse at each hop, resulting in low efficiency. It is hard to deploy QoS and the efficiency is rather low. All routers are expected to know all routes in the entire network.
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VPI = 1 VCI = 1
VPI = 2 VCI = 44
VPI = 26 VCI = 44
VPI = 20 VCI = 30
Connection-oriented, N2 problem Routing depending on link layer, based on VPI/VCI or label Ensure QoS and real-time service
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Security Level: Internal
R
Router
X
ATM switch
X
MPLS Router
Core LSR
Edge LSR Edge LSR
IP
IP
L1
IP
L2
IP
L3
IP
Traditional IP forwarding
Label forwarding
Traditional IP forwarding
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MPLS domain
LSR LER
LER
LSR
LSP
MPLS
LSR LER
LSR: Label Switch Router LER: Label Edge Router LSP: Label Switch Path
Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading without Permission. Security Level: Internal
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MPLS Advantages
Better integrate IP with ATM better Provide value-added service without prejudice to efficiency:
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Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading without Permission. Security Level: Internal
Course Contents
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Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading without Permission. Security Level: Internal
EXP S
Layer 2 header
Data
shim encapsulation: similar to other link layers Cell mode: VC (VPI/VCI for ATM, DLCI for FR) is directly
Label
Layer-3 data
ATM header
Label
Layer-3 data
VPI/VCI
Layer-3 data
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Ingress LER
LSR
Egress LER
MPLS TTL --
Ingress LER
Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading without Permission.
LSR
Security Level: Internal
Egress LER
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Label Stack
Layer2 header
MPLS header
MPLS header
IP header
Data
Theoretically, label stack enables limitless nesting to provide infinite service support. This is simply the greatest advantage of MPLS technology.
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Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading without Permission. Security Level: Internal
Course Contents
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Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading without Permission. Security Level: Internal
next hop label operation types: push/pop/swap/null Link layer encapsulation types
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Label Forwarding
label operation: pop
Label operation: push Label operation: swap Parse IP header FEC bound with LSP FTN->NHLFE ILM->NHLFE Label operation: swap ILM->NHLFE ILM->NHLFE Parse IP header distribute FEC mapped to next hop
A
Ingress LER
B
LSR
C
LSR
D
Egress LER
The traditional routing protocol and Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) serve to create routing table and label mapping table (FEC-Label mapping) in each LSR for FECs with service requirement, i.e. create LSP successfully.
Ingress LER receives a packet, determines the FEC that the packet belongs to, and label the packet In MPLS domain, packets are forwarded in accordance with labels and label forwarding table via the forwarding unit
Egress LER removes the label and continues forwarding the packet
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NHLFE
A:
NHLFE FEC 10.0.1.0/24 next hop B
Transmitting interface
E1
B,C:
Ingress label L1 NHLFE Next hop C
Transmitting interface
label operation
Remove the previous label and add L2
Others
E1
D:
Ingress label NHLFE Next hop
Transmitting interface
Label operation
Others
L2
Remove label
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ILM->NHLFE
ILM->NHLFE
Ingress LER
LSR
LSR
Egress LER
The label at the outmost layer does not make any sense to the last hop. Thus, it is advisable to pop the label at the last hop but one to ease the burden of the last hop.
If there is only one layer of label, the last hop will perform IP forwarding directly; otherwise, it will perform the internal label forwarding.
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Creating LSP
Driven by stream: incoming packets drive LSP creation Driven by topology: topology information (route) drives LSP creation
Signaling protocol is used to distribute labels between LSRs and establish LSP:
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DoD : downstream-on-demand
DU: downstream unsolicited
Ordered Independent
Conservative retention mode : upon receiving a label, if there is no route destined for the corresponding FEC, hold the label for later use
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Route triggering
171.68.40/24
171.68.10/24
Upstream
LSR1
LSR2
LSR3 Downstream
Requesting labels destined for 171.68.10/24
The upstream LSR sends a label request (containing FEC description information) to the downstream LSR. The downstream LSR allocates a label to this FEC and feeds back the bound label to the upstream LSR via the label mapping message.
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Downstream
171.68.10/24
Once the LDP session is set up successfully, the downstream LSR will initiatively advertise the label mapping message to its upstream LSR. The upstream router will save the label in the label mapping table.
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Upstream
Downstream
Not until it receives a label mapping message from its downstream LSP will it send the message upstream
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Upstream
Downstream
Whether it receives a label mapping message from its downstream LSR, it will send upstream a label mapping message immediately.
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mapping label 17
Drop
LSR5
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Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading without Permission. Security Level: Internal
Every LSR stores the received label in its LIB, even when the
mapping label 20
172.16.2/24 LSR3
mapping label 17
LSR4
store
LSR5
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Upstream
Downstream
It is relatively easy to control the use of labels and the creation of LSPs
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Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading without Permission. Security Level: Internal
Upstream
Downstream
A waste of label resources Useless LSPs would be created Label merge is required at branches LSPs can be set up quickly and reliably
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Security Level: Internal
IN label
50 51 62 52
Prefix/MASK
10.1.1.0/24 10.1.1.0/24 70.1.2.0/24 20.1.2.0/24
Serial2
77
30.1.2.0/24
Serial35.5.5.5)
3pop
The in and out is correspond to the label swapnot the label distribution.
The in label is that I distribute to the others, I will not put it to the packet
the packet
Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading without Permission. Security Level: Internal
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Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading without Permission. Security Level: Internal
Course Contents
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Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading without Permission. Security Level: Internal
Main functions:
LDP serves to distribute and maintain label mapping messages between peers in the form of message.
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UDP-Hello
Discovery stage
UDP-Hello
TCP connection establishment
FEC
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Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading without Permission. Security Level: Internal
Set the maximum hot number for loop detection hops-count hop-number
Set the maximum value for the path vector ath-vectors pv-number
MPLS Debugging
Display information about all LSPs established in the public network display mpls lsp
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Configuration Example
Suppose a network consists of four NE routers, where Router B is connected to Router C via SDH, while Router B is connected to Router A and Router D via Ethernet.
The four routers all support MPLS. LSP can be set up between any two routers. The operational routing protocol is OSPF
Router B Router A ethernet1/0/0 168.1.1.2 pos2/0/1 ethernet8/0/0 100.10.1.2 168.1.1.1 ethernet1/0/1 172.17.1.1 ethernet2/0/1 172.17.1.2 Router D
Router C is configured with: [Quidway] interface pos 7/0/0 [Quidway-Pos7/0/0] ip address 100.10.1.1 Configuration procedure pos7/0/0 255.255.255.0 100.10.1.1 Configure ip address for [Quidway] router id 172.16.1.2 [Quidway] ospf the interface Router C [Quidway-ospf] area 0 [Quidway-ospf-area-0.0.0.0] network 100.10.1.0 Configure the ospf 0.0.0.255 protocol [Quidway] mpls lsr-id 172.16.1.2 [Quidway] mpls ldp 41 Configure the MPLS LDP Confidential Information of Huawei. [Quidway-Pos7/0/0] mpls ldp enable Security Level: Internal
No Spreading without Permission.
Summary
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Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading without Permission. Security Level: Internal
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Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading without Permission. Security Level: Internal