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8.1
8.2
Organic Materials:
Biomass (plant roots, organisms) Plant/animal/ Residue (dead but identifiable: twig, branches, log) Particle size > 2 mm
SOM
Soil + SOM
8.3
Particle size
50 m
Intermediate
150 m
250 m
8.4
Carbon is the common constituents of all OM and is involved in essentially all life processes Transformation of this element is called as
Photosynthesis
CO2
Soil surface
CO2
Carbonate & bicarbonates
CO2
CO2
Residue Macrofauna
CO2 Nutrient
release
Soil reaction
Nutrient release
Microbia
CO2
CO2
8.5
Leaching
Humus
8.6
8.7
Role of SOM
Physic:
Bind mineral particles into granules Maintain soil water content Chemic: Source of plant nutrients
Nutrient Source
Plant Roots
8.9
Litter
8.10
Inorganic elements
Ash 8% H 8% C 44% O2 40%
Lignin 25%
Types of compounds
Elemental composition
CO2
60-80 %
8.12
Humus (15-30 %)
8.14
Forest Soil
Fertile Soil:
High SOM : ~ > 2.5 4.0 % Low Bulk Density: ~ < 1.3 g cm-3 High biota activity
Agicultural soil
--(C, 4H) + 2 O2
C and H containing compounds
enzymatic Oxidation
8.16
Rate of decomposition
& simple protein Crude proteins Hemicelluloses
8.17
Cellulose
Fats, waxes etc Lignins
Very slow decomposition
8.18
Humus:
A mixture of complex compounds
8.19
Rather resistant mixture of brown or dark brown amorphous & colloidal organic substances Result from microbial decomposition and synthesis It has chemical & physical properties of great significance to soils and plants
The maintenance of soil organic matter in mineral soils is the most importance challenge to modern and traditional agriculture alike.
8.20