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    HOW TRANSCRIPTIONAL SWITCHES WORK Only 50 years ago the idea that genes could be switched on and off was revolutionary. This concept was a major advance, and it came originally from the study of how E. coli bacteria adapt to changes in the composition of their growth medium. Many of the same principles apply to eucaryotic cells. However, the enormous complexity of gene regulation in higher organisms, combined with the packaging of their DNA into chromatin, creates special challenges and some novel opportunities for control—as we shall see. We begin with a discussion of the transcription regulators, proteins that control gene expression at the level of transcription. Transcription Is Controlled by Proteins Binding to Regulatory DNA Sequences Control of transcription is usually exerted at the step at which the process is initiated. In Chapter 7, we saw that the promoter region of a gene attracts the enzyme RNA polymerase and correctly orients the enzyme to begin its task of making an RNA
    «HOW TRANSCRIPTIONAL SWITCHES WORK Only 50 years ago the idea that genes could be switched on and off was revolutionary. This concept was a major advance, and it came originally from the study of how E. coli bacteria adapt to changes in the composition of their growth medium. Many of the same principles apply to eucaryotic cells. However, the enormous complexity of gene regulation in higher organisms, combined with the packaging of their DNA into chromatin, creates special challenges and some novel opportunities for control—as we shall see. We begin with a discussion of the transcription regulators, proteins that control gene expression at the level of transcription. Transcription Is Controlled by Proteins Binding to Regulatory DNA Sequences Control of transcription is usually exerted at the step at which the process is initiated. In Chapter 7, we saw that the promoter region of a gene attracts the enzyme RNA polymerase and correctly orients the enzyme to begin its task of making an RNA» завершено на 0%
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    HOW TRANSCRIPTIONAL SWITCHES WORK Only 50 years ago the idea that genes could be switched on and off was revolutionary. This concept was a major advance, and it came originally from the study of how E. coli bacteria adapt to changes in the composition of their growth medium. Many of the same principles apply to eucaryotic cells. However, the enormous complexity of gene regulation in higher organisms, combined with the packaging of their DNA into chromatin, creates special challenges and some novel opportunities for control—as we shall see. We begin with a discussion of the transcription regulators, proteins that control gene expression at the level of transcription. Transcription Is Controlled by Proteins Binding to Regulatory DNA Sequences Control of transcription is usually exerted at the step at which the process is initiated. In Chapter 7, we saw that the promoter region of a gene attracts the enzyme RNA polymerase and correctly orients the enzyme to begin its task of making an RNA
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